Education in South Africa Essay

Education is the foundation, the root, the sprout from which our current and next generation will lead and engender from. Therefore, having the best educational system in the world ensures me, you and our children a fighting change, albeit pugnacious. This statement is disseminated and broadcasted as fact and the average Joe accepts it as the truth. However, this essay will point directly at the historical and political impediment existing in and on the emotion of the number one South African, me. My essay taunts the question:†As a 40 year old white Afrikaans man, where do I stand in the South African educational system?†, and does it conform to the statement to be the best in the world. I ask the question in all honesty and respect. I am reflecting on education I attained as an Afrikaans â€Å"silver spoon in the mouth† little brat right through to my more sensible self Technical College tuition and my current B-COM studies as a self reliant adult. Historically, my peers and I were advantaged by the system in place, much more than our counterparts in the townships and homelands. I believe that the powers ruled then had only the best intentions for the educational portfolio, albeit it was one-sided in the racial arena. The story of our lives. The institutions that were build and the standards academically set was internationally very high. I firmly believe this basis where we as the new generation sprung from, was based on the system already in place. The difference is, now we can engender from the same mark. We have the brick and mortar that separated the black from white now as monuments of growth and unity, known as Universities. We have the seats and blackboards. We have the prospectus. We have the fervent minds of prospective students. This is the formula for an educational system of note. One important ingredient lacks this recipe of success: Emotion. The emotional scars that on all sides of all the political fences erecte d end torn down over and again remains as barriers and brick walls in the minds of us, the students. Being brought up and instructed that white is white and black is black and the two don’t mix, I soon realized and discerned myself with the fact that the black children could not share in the same educational system. It was the year 1983 when I was starting my high school education this realization came to be. It was clear to see the technical equipment installed in the white schools was not equal to that installed for the black children. This point in my life was the pivot of my social and political views. An immense amount of guilt and shame  fell upon me and I had to hide this not to be shunned from my peers. The fact that my emotions were suppressed added to my shame and guild. So the emotional wall I mentioned grew stronger and stronger. Separation from your mother tongue whilst being educated is an enormous social blunder politicians the world over are making. The emotional impact a child in learning has with his or her home language not present during schooling is a l ifelong scar on the psyche. Not only does it scar, it places a lid on the information these young minds needs to harvest. I had it all fed in my mother tongue from day one. My black peers not. How can a child from a Tswana, Zulu or Venda upbringing now be educated in Afrikaans or English? I feel for the individual that now wants to through the language as a hand grenade in the education war on foreign language in the institutions we get taught at. Why was my language removed from the universities and colleges I want to attend to? Or better asked â€Å"why is my language not present in the current prospectus?† I understand the technical terms and application theories much better in my mother tongue. This I’m asking not as an individual, I’m asking this as every single student you teach and educate every single day. This, my dear educator, this is a historical and political impediment existing in and on the emotion of not just your number one South African, me, but on many, if not all student s. Furthermore and albeit it not be the least, who should pay for my education? I am and average income earner. I can pay for myself, but, I will not be able to sustain my current situation and send one of my children to university. I cannot fathom the impact it has on lower income families. The mere thought that it would change financially after the graduation and after employment status was reached because of the education, does not balance the situation throughout the period. The scholarship and sponsorships given to young students are great. And here comes a big but, why only to certain ethnic groups? Don’t we all suffer? Our current students did not take part in the historical events that shaped our New South Africa. The foundation of our New South Africa rest squarely on their shoulders and it is their responsibility to maintain and ensure prosperity for one and all. By advantaging and allowing one group to benefit on majority defies the Rainbow Nation’s idea. The students that cannot afford to be where we are and those who can barely sustain their presence amongst us, with the paying surplus of students, see this and feel  this on the emotion. It cuts deep to be separated. We came a long and hard way to prevent just this. It is not fair to impend this politics on the minds and emotion of any student. The emotional scars on all sides are real and remain as barriers and brick walls in the minds of us, the students, the student that wrote this essay. This is encumbering the South African Educational system to be the best in the world. Nevertheless I have to believe, I do believe and I trust and pray that our educational system has a place for me and my peers. I therefore conclude, I pray and I hope that my fellow students and I can oversee the sins of our fathers. That we can leap forward and expect to be followed in, English education as language of the future educational system. I hope for financial aid that will accommodate all who needs it. I pray to my fellow students, educators and fellow South Africans to see the future of our education and where it can lead us. I pray for them not to let the past influence and dictate the Educational System’s future. This done, I believe we have the best educational system in the world. We can make the difference.

Descriptive Essay on Soccer Ball

Most would take for granted how a soccer ball looks. They would put it as an pointless detail to the sport. To those people, they see this wonderful object as just a b all. Nothing more and nothing less. Others, however, know better. At first look you may n twice the specific black and white color coordination belonging only to the soccer ball. A closer look will reveal twenty white, hexagonal and twelve black, pentagonal surface s that make up the covering of the ball.When rotating the ball you may notice name Ross cuts along to the surface of the ball, the dust, crosshatched lining peeking out fro m under. Spots of mud all over the surface of the soccer ball. If the ball is so close to your face you can smell the scent of dirt and grass mix De with the light smell of rain that perfumes the ball in your grasp. When you breathe deep you can almost taste the dirt and grass on your tongue, a bittersweet flavor that SST says In your mouth, the taste of the rain adding to the already fun ky odor and flavor I n your mouth.The feeling of the ball is something entirely unto itself. If you pick up a soccer ball and hold it in your hands, you can feel the smoothness of the covering and how or undo in shape it is. As your hand curves around the ball, you feel the graininess of the rediscovered surface between your hand and the surface. As your hands contain u to move your hand around the ball's surface, you are able to tell the difference when your fingers fall into the smooth cracks of the stitching, same as to the delicately or ugh cuts and scrapes on the surface of the ball, made from the bounce against a solid wall.A perfect ball, if squeezed, it will be squeezed a little because of the pressure of your fingers on the ball. If kicked properly, the fierce kick of your foot hitting the baa II does not hurt at all. In fact you will feel strong after a good kick. Rolling the ball under y our foot, oh get a feel for its shape, how it moves, and how it's resistance to your body The feeling of a ball hitting your body can sometimes be a bad encounter. If ski eked with enough force, the impact of flesh and soccer ball can be really painful.Though h a the ball may not feel hard when held, when it is flying at a rapid pace and comes to an sudden stop when it meets your stomach, chest, leg, forehead, and even face, it can f eel as hard and solid as a rock. The sound of a soccer ball is really something special. You can tell by the soon d the ball makes how good your kick was. Essentially, the sound aimed for is a loud, Dee , popping sound. This shows you have kicked the ball in the right area.

Change Essay Research Paper ChangeModernization reform and

Change Essay, Research Paper ChangeModernization, reform and rebellion are the edifice blocks to the alteration of a society. During the bend of the century many states experienced extremist alterations in there societal construction and in there traditional imposts. China holding its traditions and imposts fundamentally remaining unchanged for centuries was highly immune to alter, patterned advance, new thoughts and engineerings. One fresh Family by Pa Chin depicted the battle of Chinese pupils seeking to reform there school systems and to contend against the unfairnesss that the armed forces was enforcing. Though the book centres around two brothers it depicts many characters that are related to them in some manner. From the lowly servant miss to the highest female senior, each has a feeling of entrapment and wants to interrupt free. Yet each Acts of the Apostless as they are told by the senior of them and the firstborn is frequently is so set in the old ways that it is close impossible to travel against him. Chinese households are set upon award and regard. Each household member has a topographic point and responsibilities harmonizing to the place in the household. Often the eldest boy is reared to go the maestro of the house clasp. He normally has no pick in what his business is or even who his married woman will be, everything is planned out by his male parent or gramps. The younger boies are given a little more freedom with what they can make and who they will get married but it is frequently deiced by the older brother one time he becomes maestro of the family. They were allowed to go to schools and were the basic edifice blocks of most of the revolutions. The adult females of the family are expected to larn all the traditional functions of a Chinese adult female and in modern times to larn to read and compose from coachs or in rare instances attended all misss school. Basically the full construction of household life dependant on age, gender and regard. The new thoughts of reform and extremist alteration were based in several periodicals and magazines that immature heads read. These periodicals contained essays and narratives of new thoughts, alteration in authorities were devoured by immature heads eager to larn and show at that place intelligence. They read of other rebellions and presentations and were inspired to stand up for there basic human rights every bit good as for the right to go educated. Change, everything comes down to that one construct. China underwent extremist alteration in one century over traditions that had been established for 1000s of old ages. These alterations were able to take topographic point because of new innovations and technologies the printing imperativeness, mass production, and electricity all helped to fuel the over motion to a new society. by Dick @ aol.com

Analysis of Thin Client Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Thin Client Article - Assignment Example 7 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Summary The article, Quantifying Interactive User Experience on Thin Clients, espouses the importance of thin client computer environment in a less costly management information system. Using an unbiased approach, the article vividly studies the nuances of implementing the thin client computer environment. The article is reliable because the theories are grounded on academic resources espousing the usefulness of incorporating the thin client computer network in the company’s computerized information system. The article enumerates some satisfied thin client customers like Time-Warner, Wal-Mart, and the Pentagon to ensure its reliability. In addition, the same article insists on an unbiased stand in explaining the rudiments as well as the complexities of the thin client issues. By using survey data and other references, the company offers an unbiased stand. The bandwidth issue indicates unbiased journalistic and academic discussions. The discussion on network latency adds an unbiased discussion on the computer’s information transfer speed. Lastly, the article is out of date. Published in 2006, the article should be revised to include the current trends, and theories on the thin client topic. The thin client computer set up includes JAVA in its electronic information transfer system. Clearly, the thin client is defined as a network computer that is maximized as a remote screen visual of the software application’s output that is grounded on a working central computer network server. INTRODUCTION The thin client is characterized as a network computer that is harnessed as a remote screen visual of the software applicati on’s output with data processing done within the central computer network server. The thin client software environment cost less than the usual computer terminals. In the normal thick client computer environment, the terminals are installed with licensed computer programs. The company installs one licensed computer programs for each computer terminal. On the other hand, the thin client situation is described as the company installing software in the central server alone. There are no computer programs installed in the thin client network computers strategically located in several points within the company. The company saves on software license expenses (Pras 87). The company will only pay for one software license even though the company has two, four, 50, or 100 computers installed using remote computers. However, the thin client computer network has some disadvantages. For example, the increase in the number of thin client computer networks reduces the information transfer s peed of each computer due to unresolved bottlenecks. Likewise, if the network server bogs down, all the remote thin client network computers monitors will malfunction simultaneously. The focus the research is to examine the thin client article using three tests. The article vividly shows an unbiased approach in explaining the financial advantage of implementing the thin client computer environment. TESTS Reliability Test The article is reliable. The article uses valid references to support its statements. The article offers convincing examples of companies favoring a thin client environment. The article indicates that Time-Warner, Wal-Mart, and the

Disease Outbreak Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disease Outbreak Report - Research Paper Example Information about the location of the scene and the characteristics of the affected persons should be included. This would involve checking the credibility of the hypothesis. This is done by comparing the hypothesis with the established facts concerning H1N1 disease. Another common method for checking credibility is by testing the hypothesis. This prevention strategy focuses on health education. It is aimed at preventing the H1N1 disease from infecting the people in question. It is done by giving passive and active immunization. It is also achieved by teaching people on how to maintain a healthy diet and the right weight (Gordis 2009). This level of H1N1 disease prevention focuses on treating the disease. Promotion in detection and screening is done at this level. It targets the population that is at risk. Screening of newborns can as well be applied. In order to overwhelm the H1N1 disease and get it treated before many are infected, the disease must have had a period enough for it to be detected before the onset of symptoms. The screening to be performed must be good. It should be sensitive such that this infected test positive. Maximum care should be taken so that it does not give false negatives or positives. The screening method should also be affordable and easy. It should remain painless and reliable as much as possible. Who is to be screened and how often it is to be done should also be worked out (Gordis 2009). The effectiveness of screening for H1N1 is measured by its potential, to decrease the mortality and morbidity of the disease. Correlational studies examine the trending of disease-specific mortality over a determined period of time. Cohort studies and case control are also used to evaluate the screening with volunteer and length-time bias being the major shortcomings. Conducting random clinical random trials can also be employed (Buettner

Considiring Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Considiring Censorship - Essay Example The communicative content that is usually censored is â€Å"sexual content, swearing, blasphemy, drug references, political content, and violence† (Inglis, 2006, 565). Censorship is good because it is done for the welfare of society as a whole. Television, radio, internet, newspapers, magazines, journals, novels, books, telephones and many other modes of communication are evaluated in terms of any content that is censorable. The content that is censored is restricted to reach to general public. In our daily lives, we can see various examples where the communicative content is censored on the basis of its harmful effects on the receivers of messages. The motives of censorship are good and this is done for the betterment of masses. On television, we can see various programs that we like. For example, we like to see movies. Sometimes, in movies abusive language or slangs are employed. In order to censor those slangs or abusive language, the abusive content is stopped to reach to general public. You must have heard the speech that is cut in between on the basis of its containing abusive content and in place of the actual word, we listen a tone. The tone indicates that the word was not worth listening to. Whenever, we listen to the tone, we at once identify that some bad talk is stopped. This censor of abusive words is a type of moral wellbeing of the masses and by this people are stopped to make use of abusive words in their daily lives. In wrestling programs, the sound of tone is extensively used when wrestlers talk to one another before the audience. They are not only challenging one another but also abuse each other and use colloquial expressions that are injurious for the listeners. The wrestling of WWE is well liked because of many heroes of the wrestling like John Cena and Shawn Michael. In this wrestling program, every other day, the wrestlers’ words are censored on the basis

Sexuality in America comedy show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexuality in America comedy show - Essay Example It is obvious that comedy shows tend to replicate the environment which fits the society regardless of the degree of contamination of the environment. Last Holiday is a comedy movie directed by Wayne Wang and is a remake of a 1950 British comedy that involves a woman who decides to enjoy pleasure when she finds out that she is going to die. It is a generic and romantic comedy with Queen Latifah, the main character and the main reason to enjoy the movie. It is interesting to note that someone enjoys her life only when she realizes that she is going to die instead of what most people could have done of forgoing the fun and perhaps ask their doctors for any other alternative and pray hard (Wang Film). The Queen Latifah’s ailment, which the doctor describes as diabolical, leads to her instant transformation from being a boring spinster to life of pleasure. She decides to abandon her desire of becoming a great cook and the need for dieting when she is told that she has three to four weeks to live. Latifah who plays a sales clerk named Georgia cashes in her savings to enjoy life in Czech Republic where her hero Chef Didier works. She mingles with other major powerbrokers in the hotel, she treats herself to all the services of spa, and the ski slopes (Wang Film). Georgia attracts the attention of wealthy men seated in the hotel and could not help taking their eyes off because of her beauty. She brings romance in the air due to unmistakable chemistry with LL Cool J as well as being attractive to the staff and the chef. However the films starts to bore when the focus turns from being a romantic comedy to parts that are more concentrating on politics, healthcare issues and corruption. This movie shows the attitude of most men who view women as sex tools. Sexual appeal of a woman’s body is crucial since a woman is considered a

Organizational Behavior Terms and Concepts Essay

Organizational Behavior Terms and Concepts - Essay Example There is still some disagreement over the topics that contribute to the composition of the framework for organizational behavior but most people agree that the core topics, part of it would include motivation, leader behavior, leadership power, interpersonal communication, attitude development and perception, learning, group structure and processes, work stress, change processes and conflict management (Robbins, 2004). Now incase of Organizational Behavior, diversity usually refers to the workforce diversity. Workforce diversity refers to the increasing heterogeneity of organizations with the inclusion of workers from different groups. These groups may be created on the basis of ethnicity, age, gender, marital status, immigrants, etc. The key, however, to managing workforce diversity is to bring about flexibility in the organization's culture (Robbins, 2004). The organization might need to come up with better work schedules, compensation plans, physical and work settings, benefits and employees' other varied needs, such as, offering child and elder care, job sharing, flexibility in work hours, etc. Communication, in general, can be defined as the transfer and understanding of meaning or ideas or information (Griffin, Moorehead, 2009). This is basically how information and ideas can be conveyed and holds due relevance for an organization. As the world has globalized, information has become an organizations most vital resource, and organizations are willing to invest heavily in ensuring secure and efficient flow of information from one part of the organization to another. Perfect communication, if such a thing were to exist, would only be achieved if an idea or message was transmitted in such a manner that the picture perceived by the receiver would exactly be the same as envisioned by the sender (Robbins, 2004). Organization, in general, is composed of people, i.e. individuals. So, one way of looking at an organization's effectiveness and efficiency would be to look at aggregating the efficiency and effectiveness of all the individuals who are part of the organization. So, Organizational Behavior would tend to focus on factors that may impact the efficiency and effectiveness of an employee. Now there can be a variety of aspects of the organization's culture or the work environment that may negatively impact an individual's effectiveness and efficiency, which may ultimately hurt the organization in the long run. So, the idea is to tweak and change the work environment, so as to raise the level of effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. Factors such as employee morale, compensation, flexibility of the work environment and leadership play a very vital role in it (Griffin, Moorhead, 2009). These factors result in defining the commitment levels of the individual and ultimately the entir e organization. The concept of a learning organization was something managers and organization theorists came up with in response to the growing interdependence of organizations in times of globalization and change. In simple terms, a learning organization is one that has the capacity to continuously adapt and change given the dynamic nature of the macro or external environment. Just as individuals learn, so do organizations, i.e. all organizations learn whether they consciously choose to or not, in order for their sustained existence learning is a basic requirement. However, some companies such as, Wal-Mart, Xerox,

Globalisation Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation - Literature review Example This essay attempts to describe globalization process by highlighting, evaluating and analyzing various definitions. Globalization is a global process and a revolution concept including economic integration, policy sharing, knowledge sharing, cultural stability, reproduction, relations and discourses of power or may sometimes be variously described as a progress, development, stabilization, integration, cooperation or perhaps regression, colonialism and destabilization. Globalization is a concept that requires careful and critical examination since sharp and enlightening definition boosts perception, is interesting and empowers people with knowledge deemed important in shaping up society’s destiny. It is worth noting that most of the intellectual imaginations have been gripped by the concept of globalization. Scholars and lay circle have commonly pursue a perception that globalization is an analytical prerequisite used in appreciating continuousness and adjustment of contempor ary society. Presently, the term has really spawned a lot of confrontational and highly intuitive annotation (Dreher, Gaston and Martens 2008, p. 14-17). ... This further signifies the impact of the contemporary social relation and the fact that there is a common and new character shared within the society because of the relevancy and the context of the term to the society. In academic, various disciplines have incorporated the word globalization in their studies and event tried to relate numerous phenomenon with it. Also, it has been applicable in several theoretical approaches as well as political spectrum across the world thus symbolizing its usefulness in the society (Meerhaeghe 2012, p. 239-45). It is undeniable that the idea of globalization remains absolutely indescribable as it is inescapable and that as much as it means something crucial, surety about what that vital thing is remains unknown. As much it is widely used, it seems that globalization do not have cogent conceptualization to qualify it being treated as a serious scholarly issue (Dreher, Gaston and Martens 2008, p. 14-17). In fact, the poor conceptualization has borne p ersistent ambiguity and confusion resulting into a bunch of objectors with suspicious motives or even the notion of intellectual laziness. The current confusion of the term is as a result of failure to engender convincing understanding that do not relate with other concepts as it is evident in some of the definitions including globalization as internalization, liberalization, universalization and westernization. Globalization as Internationalization By terming globalization as internalization it implies enhancement of transactions and interdependence amongst countries and therefore a more global world is characterized by more ideas, information, merchandise, finances and investments. Bishop, Reinke and Adams (2011, p.

Submit a 3150-3850 word description of a new organizational paradigm Essay

Submit a 3150-3850 word description of a new organizational paradigm and analyze the ways in which an existing organization could operate within that paradigm - Essay Example 30% of all employees are Americans and 70 % of employees come form different cultures. The Bell group is specialized in hotel and resort services. It is expected that technology and knowledge will be the main issues changing the world over the next 5 yeas. The new organization paradigm will be based on innovative technologies and introduction of knowledge management initiatives. The division of horal and reports is based on traditional centralized structure. In order to keep control over the assets that are invested into these new business alliances, Bell Group establishes a hierarchical structure of formal control for them. This depends on the significance of the alliance and the potential danger associated with losing key internal resources. Control is an important factor which helps to integrator tasks across teams and has the potential for redesigning the entire organization in terms of job descriptions or promotion schemes, management frequently lacks the commitment to change the entire control structure of the organization. Thus, personal change was a crucial element of learning and organizational change. The potential lies in a reduction of the number of middle managers or a change in the authority structure. It is, however, only when the full potential of technology has been realized that organizational structure changes become more visible. It may therefore take time to notice the long-term effect of increased technology use on organizational design (Bolman and Deal 2003). The greater the degree of specialization, the greater the tendency to concentrate on individual functions while losing sight of overall federal objectives. Thus, conflicts arise among group, functional, and territorial politicians, even though all are preoccupied with the same policy and strategies. Today, decentralization of decision making varies among departments and employees (Hesselbein et al`1997). It is supposed that

The point in my career Essay Example for Free

The point in my career Essay I never thought of myself as being confident or even reliable.   It sounds worse than it is, I actually never committed to a job or a project that I felt I could not complete.   But I was at a point in my career or even in life in general where I was ready for a major challenge.   I applied for a job with a large school district in the area for an Associate Director position.   This was a big step for me since I always felt my work was nothing out of the ordinary. Part of the interview process was to answer the question, why should we hire you.   In my thought process I began realized the great achievements I have had in my previous jobs.   I talked about my duties and responsibilities, my projects and accomplishments.   I told them how I completed a 5 year back log that no one wanted to touch on my first three months of my first job.   I recalled how appreciative school administrators were when I was able to help them understand their school budget and financial condition. I explained my participation in developing an integrated financial system for the largest school district in the State.   As I answered this question and many more like it, I realized that I am a reliable person that can take on challenges and be sure to complete them.   I also told them about a 2 year program I completed in School Business Management.   I am knowledgeable, innovative and dependable.   My interview was beginning to be impressive.   My confidence during the interview was obvious but appropriate. I ended up getting the job as Associate Director and I entered that position with great confidence.   I knew I had the skills and determination to succeed in that position. I no longer doubted my reliability because in retrospect, I have been extremely reliable exceeding all expectations.   I was able to accomplish major projects in that position and serve my employers and community well.

Impact of Government Restriction on Tobacco Smoking Essay Example for Free

Impact of Government Restriction on Tobacco Smoking Essay Introduction                      Tobacco smoking is known to be a major health problem among many since the product is known to have up to 60 carcinogens among them nicotine and carbon monoxide (Owing, 2005). Currently the smoking prevalence in the European region is estimated to be about 28.6% with the male having a higher percentage of 40% as compared to the female who rank at 18.2%. Health experts have always pinpointed smoking as one the killer habits contributing to high cases of mortality and many health hazards CITATION WHO07 l 1033 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2007). In that regard many government have put measures to curb the habit. In this presentation we shall focus on the smoking trends and limitations put by governments within the period 1974-1999 divided in 1974-1984 and 1985-1999. 1974-1984 Tobacco smoking in Britain has been on the decline in the past 50 years. It is believed that in the period beginning 1974 the country experienced the highest decline in smoking. This is compared to 1940s when prevalence was a high as 82%. Prevalence of smoking in the Great Britain for the period 1974-2012 % 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012 Men 51 45 38 35 31 28 28 30 27 23 21 22 Women 41 37 33 31 29 26 26 26 25 21 20 19 All 45 40 35 33 30 27 27 28 26 22 20 20 Note: Retrieved from ash.org.uk smoking statistics with information originating the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, 2012. Based on the above statistics it is evident that the period 1974-1984 experienced a slower decline in tobacco smoking as compared to the later period. The fact that this period was the first to experience such huge decline implies there must have been a general change in public attitude towards the habit. In this case the government played the role as a regulatory body to curb a common habit that had become a vice. To control smoking habit among the people the British government used price increase to keep tobacco prices high. This was done through the introduction of taxes. Due to addiction effect of nicotine contained in tobacco the decline in the number of smokers was not very large even the though the habit is concentrated among the low income earners (Ewles, 2005). Despite the low smoking prevalence in the period 1974-1984 as compared to earlier years, rights of non-smokers were not recognized. The government focused more of reducing smoking rates rather than reducing the effects imposed by tobacco smoke on third parties. Smoking in public was not regulated as smoking zones did not exist and not much research had been done of how the smoke can affect non-smokers without their consent. Individuals were free to smoke in public as no law enforced by the government was in place to control them. It is not just smokers who did not recognize that non-smokers have their rights but also non-smokers were not aware that they had rights to a smoke free environment. Generally the number of women smoking had also declined compared to earlier years. The trend continued to later years. Even though there was a decline still the number was high based on the statistics that by 1974, 4 in every 10 women were smokers. This figure dropped and by 1984 it was 3 out of 10. In this period of time smoking among women wasn’t looked from the negative side but it came to be a concern when it was done in pregnancy. Despite lack of much research about the effect of smoking in pregnant women in this period, there was general belief in the public that it was not ideal for a pregnant woman to smoke. A pregnant woman smoking was seen as irresponsible and not caring about the child she was carrying. The concern here was about the wellness of the child whom the woman was carrying since he/she was being exposed to the dangers of tobacco. However, such public concern did not affect the trend because smoking among pregnant women was common with women from low social class. The question whether decline in smoking was to the advantage or a disadvantage of all is an issue of concern. While tobacco industry was a big contributor to the tax revenue of the nation and created jobs, the same industry was linked to health and socio-economic challenges. In the period discussed many of the affected parties were the low class citizens who could otherwise used their funds in the right way rather than smoking. It problem worsened if they got health complications as this rendered them uneconomical. The efforts put by the government in this period to curb tobacco smoking were of great value because they focused on building the future nation rather than gaining tax revenues at the expense of the future. 1985-1999                      In this period of time the trend in tobacco smoking were in decline until 1994 when they remained constant. In general what this statistics imply is that the smoking prevalence in Britain may have begun to be constant at a rate of one smoker in every for individuals among the adults. The trends here show that the number of women smokers was also getting closer to that of their male counterparts of which stand at 28% as compares 29% in men by 1994. Smoking among the young too increased in this period especially among the teenagers. Despite the low prevalence percentage as compared to preceding periods, the worry was about the stability trend. The trend showed that unless action be taken the prevalence rate in Britain would have begun to rise again CITATION Roy00 l 1033 ( Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group., 2000)Smoking during pregnancy was an issue of concern especially among the young and unemployed ones. This is because during this time much awareness had been created about the negative effects of smoking especially in pregnant women. Smoking in pregnancy had been known to cause immature birth and the children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy risked â€Å"neo-natal mortality or sudden infant death syndrome, of asthma or wheezing illness in the first years of life CITATION Roy00 l 1033 ( Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group., 2000).† On the other hand there was public perception that smoking during pregnancy affected the normal growth of the child both physically and intellectually. With this kind of information within the public a pregnant woman smoking was seen as not caring of the wellness of her child. Although a large number of women continued to smoke during pregnancy, statistics by the Health Education Authority (HBE) in 1999 showed that 10% of women who were smoking before pregnancy stopped the habit. Much awareness was also created of how smoking is likely to affect people who are not smokers but come into contact with the smoke. It was well known that an individual smoking in public is likely to cause more harm to individual who inhale the smoke. In that regard the government came with rules meant to discourage smoking in the public. This was based on acceptance even among the smokers that non-smokers had rights to a clean environment. It is in this period that the government adopted policies that limited places where an individual could smoke. This was aimed at discouraging further increase in the number of smokers who could be easily influenced and also meant to protect the rights of non-smokers. To curb smoking the British government put more efforts in price increase through the use of taxes. However, this did not been seem to work due to various reasons attached to smoking among them being the addictive nature of the product. It is well known that nicotine substance contained in tobacco is addictive and price increase could not prevent individuals from continuing to use the product. On the other hand the legality of tobacco made it is easier for smokers to get it from cheaper sources that taxation didn’t affect.The government also turned to campaigns through the media that targeted the youth to discourage the habit among them being banning of cigarette adverts. However, such campaigns were known to have poor results in terms of outreach among the young people. The hurdle the government was facing here is that in this period the young were affected as compared to the later whereby focus was put more on the adult population. The actions by the government to put restrictions on smoking were of great importance to the society. Within this period of time most firms in the UK were manufacturing their products outside the country unlike in the 1974-1984 when tobacco products were produced locally. This meant that no jobs were created for the locals within the country unless in fields like sales, marketing and distribution. Looking into the retail sector cigarettes were sold as secondary products since retailers had other products they majored in hence low returns from the tobacco products. On the side of the consumer it is known that in UK tobacco products are priced in a way that most of the cost is excise duty. This implied that expenditure on the products did not stimulate the economy high as compared to other goods bought by the consumer (Ewles, 2005). Through the restrictions imposed the society benefited in terms of cost savings and a healthier population. This in turn benefitted both the government and citizens through saving on funds that could otherwise be used for health purposes. On the other hand the efforts to curb smoking were of great help to the future generation which could easily adopt to low smoking rates. Rules on public smoking also played an important role in societal wellbeing as they gave non-smokers their rights of a clean and healthy environment. References Owing, J. H. (2005). Trends in smoking and health research. New York: Nova Biomedical Books. Royal College of Physicians of London. (2000). Nicotine addiction in Britain: A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London: The College. Ewles, L. (2005). Key topics in public health: Essential briefings on prevention and health promotion. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Source document

Comparison Of Identity In The Bell Jar Selected Poems English Literature Essay

Comparison Of Identity In The Bell Jar Selected Poems English Literature Essay Sylvia Plath is primarily known for her poetry and her semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar, written under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. Both her poetry in Sylvia Plath Selected Poems and her novel The Bell Jar underline many key issues within Plaths own life, and both emphasize many different themes. One of the key and strongest themes running throughout both of these texts is the theme of identity. Through Plaths confessional poetry style and her semi-autobiographical novel the reader is able to pick up on Plaths own struggles regarding identity, linking back to her battles with mental illness. Many of the key ideas addressed in The Bell Jar are also picked upon within some of her poems. The novel is, as bitter and remorseless as her last poems written before her suicide on 11th February 1963. The novel The Bell Jar was originally published in 1963 under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas, only to be published in Plaths name in 1971, years after her death; Sylvia Plath Selected Poems was published in 1985, after being put together by her former husband Ted Hughes. Here Esther is parodying herself, thinking that she is something different from what she actually is, thus distorting reality. She is also making fun of herself through her appearance, through harsh misinterpretations. She does this through the use of a mirror, by seeing something that isnt really there- changing reality into her own view of the distorted image, further showing her inability to comprehend her own features and identity. Plath uses colloquial language throughout the novel, which is apparent through the use of words such as a big, smudgy eyes, the use of informal language is also apparent in some of her poetry. She also refers to herself in the first person a lot, through the use of the word I and myself (herself in the novel is the protagonist Esther Greenwood). The same idea can be seen through Plaths poem Mirror written in 1961. Even though this poem was written in 1961, 2 years before her death, Plaths deterioration is apparent to the reader. In this poem, Plath foc uses on the mirror and the idea behind it, depicting what its purpose is and what it sees; I am sliver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see I swallow immediately, just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike. Here, Plath is saying that the mirror reflects reality, this contrasts with the ideas put forth in The Bell Jar, as within the novel Esther doesnt see what is exactly in the mirror, she perceives herself differently to how others see her, unlike the mirror in the poem, which has no preconceptions, it says how it shows things for how they are, doesnt change reality in any way in the first stanza. Although the tone changes in the second stanza, as it can be linked to Esther in the novel, as it is about the woman and what she perceives; Now I am a lake. The image of the lake can be interpreted as the idea of water, this idea can be linked the theme of distorted images as water moves and distorts the actual image concealed underneath. This poem shows how bad Plaths state of mind was, as does the portrayal of Esther within the novel. The language in the poem differs from that of the novel, as it is less informal than that of Esther Greenwood, it has a more serious tone, once again could be linked to the unstable state of Plath herself. The tone of the poem changes from stanza one to stanza two, the first being more positive than the latter; the change occurs when the identity changes from that of the mirror to that of the woman. From these two sections of both the novel and the poem Mirror we can see that the idea of faces and perception is important when considering the idea of identity within the two. Esthers obsession with her own appearance is also shadowed later on in the novel when she says the face in the mirror looked like a s ick Indian, thus showing her constant distortion. Another identity issue addressed within both the novel and selected poems is the idea of womanhood within identity. Within The Bell Jar Esther separates herself from everybody else through the idea of womens rights. She doesnt want to conform to the rest of society by following the traditional social rules that were in place at the time; for example, marriage and children. She also wishes to lose her virginity due to the fact that promiscuity in men is acceptable but in women is frowned upon; and maybe gone out and slept with somebody myself just to even things up, and then thought no more about it. Within the novel Esther talks bluntly about sex, she doesnt talk about it romantically; it appears to her to be merely an act that must be carried out in order to be a woman, and to get back at Buddy Willard. Here the use of the words slept with somebody reimburses the idea of a lax attitude towards sex, and the casualness about it. Esther keeps up this pretence throughout the course of the novel keeping the same rigidity in views. She also presents this idea in a violent way, using violent images to portray the ideas of sex. Her rejection and failure to conform with societies ideals shows the harsh, bitter and unforgiving world that torments her mind. The violent imagery connected with sex is apparent in chapter 9 during Esthers encounter with Marco; The ground soared and stuck me with a soft shock. Mud Squirmed through my fingers. Marco waited until I half rose. Then he put both his hands on my shoulders and flung me back. Throughout this encounter of the novel lots of bloody and violent images are used to portray the possibility of a sexual encounter. The use of the word squirmed gives the impression of uncomfortable and indecent behaviour; also that Esther isnt enjoying the experience. This can be linked to one of Plaths poems Maudlin. This poem emphasises how the woman is anxious about her sexuality, as it is about a young virgin. The poem uses lots of imagery to portray painful images of sex, and womanhood. The poem uses alliteration to incorporate these images together, by using phrases such as mud mattressed, by using these as starting words for a poem, the reader already feels uncomfortable as the words themselves are unflattering and dirty; But at the price of a pin-stitched skin Fish-tailed girls purchase each white leg. This section of the poem could be linked to the idea of the little mermaid, and the fact that everything hurts, as she paid for her legs with pain, the word pin-stitched emphasises this. The idea being that you tolerate pain for no purpose, therefore linking negativity with the idea of womanhood and sexuality; the main in this instance being menstruation and childbirth. Even the title of the poem links to sadness as maudlin means to be upset or sad, thus further linking the idea of womanhood to pain and suffering, the words purchase each white leg indicate the pain in menstruation and childbirth within this poem.

The Universes :: Semantics Language Essays

The Universes I can't tell you what I was just thinking. As in Augustine's view of intuition, the associations I registered were too free of any repeatable limitations for me to verbalize the experience. Perhaps these associations were of diverging thoughts that have not departed my mind. The most handy example of something similar is the simultaneity of sense perception. Each sense perception is specialized and in that respect removed from the whole and yet also registered in the same moment. In the thought I'm speaking of there were different concerns, we might even say a universe of concerns none of which I can fully express. This complex event might be considered incidental in regard to what I have learned to value. I am now attempting to acquire a greater appreciation of something I cannot verbalize, meaningful associations I can't excite a recurrence of through keying words into a computer. Semantic sensation is never original. It must always be familiar. Language does excite original sensations, as in the sound of a speaker's voice, but the semantic experience itself is never sound or vision, or any other sense perception of the material universe. Original experience of semantics would be like immediately comprehending a language we never heard before. This kind of appreciation is possible with music. Music we've never heard before can be immediately appreciated as music, but semantics, like memory, must always be a response to what is already familiar. My concern is how to proceed. If I can only register verbally what has already become familiar through cognitive means, my work with language is not directed toward spurring meaning for the first time. Has there ever been a first time in regard to comprehending language? Is anything we read utterly strange, or is it rather strangely familiar? We may read something and make no sense of it, and later return to it and find familiarity as if we always should have been able to comprehend this particular passage. This parallels how we initially acquire language through a growing familiarity with the effects of verbal expression. We learn to fortuitously repeat limited effects. We grow to appreciate what we had already experienced albeit as incidental and free of the constraints of communication. Infants can distinguish between phonemes their parents, having learned a particular language, can no longer tell apart (Pinker 264), and meaning is similar in this respect. To understand how this c an work we must put aside the notion that language makes meaning.

Planning and Strategy Essay -- Business, Planning

In any retail operation or company, planning is a very important factor for the success of any endeavor in that it involves the actual anticipation and organization of what needs to be done and how it should be done to reach an objective.(Retailing, pg.40) Strategic planning involves a company or firm to adapt its resources to the actual opportunities and possible threats of the ever-changing retail environment, and, if used properly, a good strategic plan can help retailers achieve and maintain a beneficial balance of its resources and possible opportunities to come. There are, in fact, four major components in proper strategic planning that could assists any retailing company in achieving their goals which are to develop a mission statement, define specific goals and/or objectives, identification and analysis, and to develop a basic strategy. (Retailing, pg.42) I aim to determine, analyze, and document how a fast-paced, up-and-coming retail establishment by the name of Citi Tren ds, which is a fast-growing, value-priced retailer of urban-style fashion accessories and apparel chain store for today’s urban families, implements these particular strategic planning techniques into their operations management and business objectives. Citi Trend’s mission statement is as follows, â€Å"Citi Trends is the go-to place for incredibly low-priced, real urban brands and urban-style fashion for the whole family. You'll find Rocawear, Apple Bottoms, Coogi, Dereon, Akademiks, Mecca, Baby Phat, Ed Hardy and more for up to 60% off mall prices. As of this minute, we have over 480 stores in 27 states. As of May 2005 Citi Trends became a publicly traded company on the Nasdaq exchange with the symbol CTRN. Citi Trends' headquarters are located in hi... ...ring that their customers gain efficient circulation through their merchandise. (Retailing, pg.498) This type of environment is ideal for Citi Trends in that it provokes customers to wish to browse, and Citi Trends has strategically placed signs to provide its customers with cues as to where each department begins and ends. Citi Trends has been in the apparel retail business for over 58 years now with over 480 stores operating throughout 27 states in the United States. They have proven that they know how to adapt resources to their opportunities and are aware of and handle any and all possible threats to its company’s objectives. With their good strategic plan they were able to adapt to an ever changing retail environment to be able to achieve and maintain a certain balance of its resources; thus positioning themselves for accelerated and profitable growth.

America Needs Gay and Lesbian Marriage :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Same-sex marriage--why is it even an issue ?   To put it into perspective, 10% of the American population is homosexual, meaning this is not just a minor issue (Harbinger 681).   Also, with our society making significant strides toward equality in recent decades both in gender and racial issues, one has to think about sexual equality.   I will explain to the reader why we should legalize gay marriage, particularly in terms of justice and the benefits society reaps from same-sex marriage.   Also, the ramifications of the legalization of gay marriage, both for gays and society, will be examined.   Finally, I will refute arguments against same-sex marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Society benefits by having fewer "closet gays."   "Closet gays" are homosexuals who try to abide by society's standards, and marry a partner of the opposite sex (Harbinger 683).   However, due to the different sexual orientations of the two partners, problems often occur, causing emotional harm to"closet gays," their partners, and their children (Harbinger 683).   If gay marriage were legal, homosexuality would be legitimate.   Thus, the number of "closet gays" would decrease, as acceptance of their sexual orientation increases.  In short, society would be spared a lot of trouble--the breakup of a family or dissatisfaction with one's life, especially of the homosexual partner, as she or he tries to comply with society's standards.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Same-sex marriage is just in that it provides gay couples with the same rights as heterosexual couples.   Only marriage binds a couple in the eyes of the law ("Let Them Wed" 13).   It enables partners to make life-or-death decisions, gives them the right to inheritance, medical benefits, and jurisprudence, among others ("Let Them Wed" 13). As in heterosexual relationships, homosexual partners are the significant other of one another.   Unlike heterosexual couples, however, they are denied the right to marriage and all the benefits that go with it.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Gay marriages also provide sufficient reasons for society to promote them.   They at least fulfill two of the most important reasons for marriage:   the domestication of men and the provision of a reliable care giver (Rauch 22).      Ã‚  Ã‚   Civilizing men is one of society's biggest problems (Rauch 22).

NTFS filing system Essay

NTFS is the newer filing system from Windows only Windows 2000 and higher use NTFS and FAT32. Which file system is intended primarily for use in large USB flash drives? I think it would be NTSF it a little more better an newer when it comes to the new OS out there like windows 8/7/ and maybe Vista XP just in case you have application that might run better on vista and XP. Plus since USB didn’t come out until Windows 98 well that when I first saw a USB port Which file system provides support for larger hard drives and better security in the form of encryption and permissions that restrict access by unauthorized users? NTFS is use for security encryption. FAT32 has no security encryption that one reason why Microsoft made NTSF so people can some type of security encryption. It is available in all versions of Windows developed for business environments from Windows 2000 onwards. Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parti es can read it. Encryption does not of itself prevent interception, but denies the message content to the interceptor There is also the Encrypting File System EFS on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS that provides file system-level encryption. The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer. EFS is available in all versions of Windows developed for business environments from Windows 2000 onwards .By default, no files are encrypted, but encryption can be enabled by users on a per-file, per-directory, or per-drive basis. Some EFS settings can also be mandated via Group Policy in Windows domain environments. Cryptographic file system implementations for other operating systems are available, but the Microsoft EFS is not compatible with any of them. Why FAT32 is preferred over NTFS file system? I didn’t know people like FAT 31 over NTFS until I took this class.so when I look it up in my text book to see why would someone would preferred FAT32 over NTSF in its because it is recommended for hard disks only if the hard disk must also be accessed by dual- booting with an older version of Windows like Windows 95, 98, or Me. Then I understand since NTSF is not supported by Windows 95, 98, and Me. As with most old software it won’t support new technology unless the new tech is made for the old software but I see people preferred NTFS since it more up to date if someone ask me which one is better FAT32 or NTFS I would tell then to get NTFS.

E-bay Case Study

At least 30 million population depart buy and lead astray swell up over $20bn in merchandise (in 2003) oft than the arrant(a) domestic product of only but 70 of the worlds countries. More than 150,000 entrepreneurs will earn a full-time animation swoping everything from diet pills and Kate Spade handbags to 30,000 BMWs and hulk industrial lathes. More automobiles, of all things, sell on eBay than yet no. 1 US dealer AutoNation. So what does this render up to? This is a whole radical-made way of doing argumentation, says Whitman. Were creating fewthing that didnt exist before.It wasnt planned, but as drug users plunged into consumer electronics, gondola cars, and industrial gear, eBay fol uttered. Today, eBay has 27,000 categories, including eight with gross sales of more than 1 billion each.eBays business determineValue in eBay is created by proViding a virtual worldwide securities industry for buyers and sellers and collecting a tax on transactions as they hap pen. The business mock up of eBay relies on its customers being the ecesiss product-development team, sales and trade force, merchandising department, and the security department.The organisation, interrogationed by one thousand thousand Whitman, was founded in 1995, when Pierre Omidyar launched a sanctioned turn up called Auction Web. His girlfriend valued to trade her collection of Pez dispensers, but Omidyar had a broader vision in mind, namely empowering frequent consumers to trade with verboten the need for enceinte corporations. He even wanted traders to be credit worthy for building the community and deciding how to build the website. It worked soon he found himself state e-mails from buyers and sellers during the day and rewriting the sites softw atomic number 18 package at night to incorporate their suggestions, which ranged from fiXing software bugs to creating new product categories.Some 100,000 messages from customers are post per week in which tips are shar ed, schema of rules glitches are pointed out and castrates are lobbied for. The COO, Brian Swette, is quoted as saying, The trick is to keep up with whatbuyers and sellers want. Weve had to incessantly change how we run. We start from the principle that if t heres noise, you wear listen. Currently the engineering science allows every imprint of every potential customer to be traced, yielding rich information.Structurally, the business model is realised through 5,000 employees, roughly half(prenominal) of whom are in customer obligate and a fifth in technology. A key role in eBay is folk manager, a concept Whitman brought to eBay from her years in trade giant P&G. grade managers direct the 23 major categories as well as the 35,000 subcategories, from collectibles to sports gear, to jewellery and watches, and even jet-planes.Conventional companies might spend big capital on getting to k nowadays their customers and persuading them to pull up stakes feed approve, but for eBay such(prenominal) feedback is often free and offered without the need for enticement. blush so some of the partys most impressive ways of getting user arousal do not rely on the Net and do not have it away free. eBay organises Voice of the Customer assorts, which involve wing in a new group of about 10 sellers and buyers from around the sphere to its San Jose (Californian) every few months to discuss the in depth. Teleconferences are held for features and policies, however small a change involve. Even workshops and classes are held ascertain people how to make the most of the site. Participants ply to double their marketing natural process on after taking a class.The bon ton is governed from both outside and The eBay system has a source of automatic bidding in the form of buyers and sellers rating each otherwise on each transaction, creating rules and norms. Theres an educational system that offers classes around the country on how to sell on eBay. Both buyers and sellers build up reputations which are valuable, in turn supporting(a) further good conduct in themselves and others.When that wasnt quite enough, eBay formed its own jurisprudence force to patrol the listings for fraud and outpouring out offenders, the Trust and Safety Dept, now staffed by several hundred eBay employees worldwide. They do everything from trolling the site for suspicious listings to working with law enforcement agencies to start out crooks. eBay also has developed software that recognises patterns ofbehaviour common to previous fraud cases, such as sellers from Romania who recently started selling large numbers of big-ticket items.eBays management trillion Whitmans entitle and past has heavily influenced the management of eBay. When she united the company in 1998, it was more of a collection of geeks, handpicked by the pony-tailed Omidyar, than a blue chip something which underpinned Omidyars recruitment of Meg. Meg, an ex-consultant, filled many of the elde r management roles including the head of the US business, head of international operations and vice-president of consumer marketing with consultants.The result eBay has drive data and metric driven. If you rear endt measure it, you cant control it, Meg says. Whereas in the early days you could touch and feel the way the organisation worked, its current size means it of necessity to be measured. division managers are expect to spend their days measuring and playacting upon data indoors their fiefdom.Some measures are example for e-business and include how many people are visiting the site, how many of those then depict to be have sex users, how long each user remains per visit, how long pages take to pass on and so on. A measure Meg likes is the take rate, the ratio of revenues to the value of goods traded on the site (the higher the better). She measures which days are the busiest, directing when to offer free listings in order to stimu new the supply of auction off items. Noise on the discussion boards is utilise to understand whether the community is in supportive or ready to kill you mood on a scale of 1 to 10. Normal for eBay is around3.Category managers in eBay, unlike their counterseparate in Procter and Gamble, can only indirectly control their products. They have no caudex to reorder once levels of toothpaste or washing-up liquid run low on the supermarket shelves. They grant tools to buy and sell more effectively. What they can do is endlessly try to eke out small wins in their categories say, a repulse jump in scrap-metal listings or new bidders for comic books. To get there, they use marketing and merchandising schemes such as enhancing the display of their users products and bountiful them tools to buy and sellbetter.Over and higher up this unusual existence, the work envir-onment can be tough and ultracompetitive, say ex-eBayers. Changes often come only after PowerPoint slides are exchange and refined at a low level, eventually presented at a fourth-year level and after the change has been okay in a sign-off procedure which includes every department. An advance in the ways office could be searched for took ten months to happen. Aware that digest can mean paralysis, Meg equip consultants (who else) to benchmark the rate at which change is indeed implemented in eBay.eBay was rated as average amongst the companies surveyed. Over time eBay has upgraded its talent to ensure the technology does not rule. Until the late 1990s, the site was plagued with outages, including one in 1999 which turf out the site down for 22 hours manners of software problems and no backup systems. power Gateway Inc. Chief Information officeholder Maynard Webb, who joined as president of eBays technology unit, quickly took action to upgrade systems. at one time the site is down for less than 42 minutes a month, despite much higher traffic.Meg is a leader who buys into the company in more ways than one. Having auctioned some $ 35,000 worth of furnishings in her ski condominium in Colorado to understand the selling experience, she became a slip by seller among the companys employees and ensured that her discipline from the experience was listened to by fellow top execs. Meg is also known for earreach carefully to her employees and expects her managers to do the same. As the business is as much, if not more, its customers, any wrong move can cause revolts within the community that is eBay.Most of all eBay tries to stay apprised and flexible.Nearly all of its fastest-growing new categories emerged from registering seller activity in the area and quietly giving it a nudge at the obligation moment. For example, after noticing a few car sales, eBay created a separate site called eBay Motors in 1999, with special features such as vehicle inspections and shipping. Some four years later, eBay expects to gross some $1 billion worth of autos and parts, many of which are sold by professional dealers.The democ ratic underpinning of eBay, whilst easily embraced by customers, can, however, take some getting utilize to. New managers can take cardinal months to understand the ethos. Some of the terms you look on in business school drive, force, commit dont apply, says former PepsiCo Inc. exec William C. Cobb, now senior vice-president in charge of eBays international operations. Were over here listening, adapting, enabling.