Love over Lust: Elizabeth Proctor vs. Abigail Williams Essay

I'm not catching it's meaning to appear as something else? Being various methods not being equivalent to another or just being not at all like in structure and quality. In Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible, distinction is appeared between the characters Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor. This play depicts the chronicled occasions of the Salem witch preliminaries through a horde of extraordinary characters. Abigail Williams is the pernicious, misdirecting informer; while Elizabeth Proctor is righteous and is the improperly blamed. To start, Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor are direct inverses of one another, one deceives spare herself and keep away from results; while different misleads spare the one she adores, John Proctor. Abigail finds she could go without getting in a tough situation by making up stories to conceal her manipulative untruths and by blaming others. She recently filled in as the Proctor’s hireling until Elizabeth got mindful of the issue among Abigail and her significant other, John. Not at all like Abigail, Elizabeth Proctor doesn't attempt to make issues by lying. She is increasingly worried about her better half and her children. Thinking about the undertaking among John and Abigail makes it increasingly hard for Elizabeth to excuse John. She is the dedicated and strict spouse of John Proctor. She lies for the absolute first an ideal opportunity to spare the life of her significant other. Now Elizabeth is totally uninformed of the way that her significant other has admitted. Subsequently, Abigail is known to be the rival, while Elizabeth is even more a guide coach. In The Crucible, Elizabeth Proctor is Abigail Williams foil in a few different ways. Abigail is a desirous, conspiring and desolate; though Elizabeth is a strict, reliable and adoring character. Abigail does all that she can to make it work, however then winds up fleeing from her issues. She is desolate and seeks John for comfort. Elizabeth is an easy-going character. She excuses her significant other for all his off-base doings. John chooses to keep his great name and is hanged as he decides not to admit. Elizabeth pardons him since she genuinely acknowledges the amount he cherishes her and the amount she adores him. In general, everybody is extraordinary and has their own particular manner of demonstrating it. Distinction is appeared through words and activities between the two characters, Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail is demonstrated to be the deceptive informer, while Elizabeth is demonstrated to be excusing. Malevolence and blame lives in the core of the young adulteress, Abigail Williams; though truth and guiltlessness lives in the spirit of Elizabeth Proctor.

Organizational Behavior and Design Nelson Education

Questions: 1. Recognize the primary issue or issue for this situation. Give an unmistakable avocation pertinent proof for your answer. 2. Blueprint the significant sub-issues apparent for this situation. You have to distinguish at any rate four (4) sub-issues, and clarify why they are pertinent to this case. 3. Framework five (5) applicable speculations from the field of authoritative conduct and structure which can be applied to this case. Clarify how every hypothesis causes us to comprehend a specific issue or issues for this situation. 4. Layout your favored answer for this case. Give a short usage intend to clarify how your favored arrangement would be executed. Answers: 1. A few issues have been recognized for the situation investigation of Robert Jefferson. The serious issue that was excited in the investigation was for the most part because of gathering question and disappointment with the past work with which Jefferson felt progressively hopeful with the nearness of Remington in the lab. There was an absence of clear discussion about the issue in the gathering. Another issue that was recognized demonstrated the failure of Jerry for seeing what was occurring in the gathering. There was additionally absence of information and experience, which was the principle center in the gathering. Remington was exceptionally on edge about the standard daytime meeting that was canceled and Jefferson was not very troubled to assemble the conference off for reasons of his own. The issue rose due to miscommunication among Jefferson and Jerry and in light of absence of top to bottom information. Jefferson likewise felt that maybe the scholarly points of interest th at were brought by Remington to the gathering didn't reward for what he encountered was verification of a breakdown on the helpful soul (Daft, 2012). 2. There are distinctive sub-issues for the situation investigation of Robert Jefferson that can be isolated into three classes, for example, authority, human asset and authoritative conduct. There was a miscommunication among Jerry and Jefferson and there was an absence of administration accomplishment and standard input in the gathering. Sub-issues contained no collaboration and minimal effort control. They have an indispensable need to set up and achieve testing objectives and accordingly, basic needs of progress are required to fathom these sub-issues. No particular human asset plan occurred for the development and there was no away from and position of landing position. Subsequently, there was gigantic worry that was identified with finding a new line of work. The structure of hierarchical conduct was likewise not satisfactory on the grounds that the procedure of authoritative conduct was not plainly characterized in the investigation of Jefferson. For instance; authority, human asset and hierarchical conduct assume a fundamental job in the investigation since it should seriously think about the achievement of the association. Human asset is a lot of important to develop some central plans just as to actualize authority technique (Harte, 2016). Initiative assumes a significant job in the association it additionally contained some principal thoughts and plans for the accomplishment of gathering. At the hour of gathering meeting, there was the issue of miscommunication among Jerry and Jefferson on the grounds that there was no collaboration in the gathering. Another sub-issue occurred when the gathering meeting was held, and Robert was in another sense during the gathering gatherings. Therefore, he admitted to himself that he would have felt far less sheltered in the event that he needed to coordinate the work insane (Pinder, 2014). Remington had lacking components to give a discourse in the gathering and to improve hierarchical conduct and authority. This thus left Jefferson with an inconvenience blend. Simultaneously, there was a vain inclination of prevalence over Remington in at any rate one zone. Remington was of the view that the path by which the issues were analyzed was run of the mill of gathering thinking. Remington continued to remark on the American accentuation on group considerations in spite of the way that it got hard for the audience members because of a demeanor of modernity (Greenberg, 2013). 3. There are some key hypotheses of hierarchical conduct and structure that are applied to the contextual investigation. These techniques help us to accomplish the administration and hierarchical conduct and to comprehend the specific issue in the investigation. The issues that are identified with administrative and human asset the board are associated with the investigation. This thusly expresses everybody will begin a new position with loads of energy and inspiration so as to progress admirably. This inspiration depends on their way of life and beneficial experience (Edwards, 2016). The individual from each gathering was welcome to the gathering which was held to make hypotheses of authoritative conduct and structure. This idea assists with understanding the issue of the investigation. They have to obtain some value hypothesis of occupation inspiration about administrative aptitudes and human asset strategy. The issue may be unraveled on the off chance that they would have the opti on to keep up the hypothesis of association conduct and authority structure accurately (Worley, 2014). As the ideal opportunity for uncommon gathering propelled, Jefferson figured it is astute to maintain a strategic distance from introduction at any expense. This is principally because of the way that he was unable to confide in himself to introduce the contemplations and work that Remington had exceptionally evolved as a result of his uneasiness about clarifying the examination in sufficient detail (Fackler Richardson, 2015). Jefferson got a chance to talk with Jerrold and brought up the issue about the authoritative conduct and plan. Jefferson additionally felt that the kind of commitment that Remington had been making would humor him to come up to this gathering. He had included the intrigue and focus on them. They had just come and gave a broad discussion followed by his view on authoritative conduct and structure. For instance; this model is adequate to comprehend the issue of the contextual analysis. This hypothesis encourages us to comprehend the specific issue in the investigation. The individual from each gathering had been welcome to the gathering which was held to make speculations of authoritative conduct and administration structure (Kreshel Woods, 2015). 4. There are some magnificent answers for unravel this issue of Robert Jefferson study. He needs to take some significant plans and advancement, for example, business enterprise, initiative, the executives and organization to address these issues reliably. Administration must be executed in the venture that has social conduct and information. The administration style may consider as the development of the undertaking. To explain these issues, there is a prerequisite for security and physiological needs, regard needs, belongingness needs just as self-completion. They additionally need to have administrative and human asset abilities to diminish the issue. To settle these issues, they have to put forth a few attempts and needs to give the best execution in the meeting then it will give appropriate results. Jefferson needs to propel Remington to try sincerely and increment the effectiveness of breaking the meeting to find a new line of work offer. Association change and innovation chang e help to expel this scholarly issue of the examination (Edwards, 2016). To actualize the favored arrangement and to comprehend these issues, they have to keep up the hypothesis of inspiration and administrative abilities. A reasonable information must secure and should need to mirror these encounters of Remington. Jefferson needs to propel Remington and encourage him best finding out about the achievement. To expel these issues, they have to anticipate some discernment, preparing, initiative adequacy and occupation fulfillment. These techniques can be actualized well on the grounds that these are the achievement point for Remington. He needs to roll out certain improvements in conduct, disposition, and correspondence. Cooperative choice creation is one of the significant executions to fathom the issue of Robert study on the grounds that authoritative conduct and configuration rely upon the dynamic. These favored arrangements ought to execute well if Remington follows the means of these basic arrangements of accomplishment (McShane Von Glinow, 2015). References Foolish, R. (2012).Organization hypothesis and plan. Nelson Education. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work inspiration in hierarchical conduct. Brain research Press. Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2013).Organizational conduct: The condition of the science. Routledge. Charness, G., Gneezy, U., Kuhn, M. A. (2012). Trial strategies: Between-subject and inside subject design.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,81(1), 1-8. McShane, S. L., Von Glinow, M. A. (2015). Hierarchical Behavior 7/e. Anderson, B. (2016). Adams, Francis. The Melbournians. London and Sydney: Eden, Remington, 1892. Albertone, Manuel, and Antonio de Francesco, eds. Reevaluating the Atlantic World: Europe and America in the Age of Democratic Revolutions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Amies, Marion.Home Education and Colonial Ideas of Womanhood. Ph. D. diss.Victorian Narratives of Failed Emigration: Settlers, Returnees, and Nineteenth-Century Literature in English,31, 264. Harte, J. (2016).Successful Management in the Digital Age. Exchange Publishers. Christians, C. G., Fackler, M., Richardson, K., Kreshel, P., Woods, R. H. (2015).Media morals: Cases and good thinking. Routledge. Edwards, R. G. (2016).Meson Resonances from Lattice QCD(No. JLAB-THY-15-2049; DOE/OR/23177-3845). Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States). Nikas, L., Maslo, P. B. (2013). Complete View of the Cathedral: Claims of Tortious Interference and the Specific Performance Remedy in Mergers and Acquisitions Litigation, A.Mich. J. Private Equity Venture Cap. L.,3, 1. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization turn of events and change. Cengage learning. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of hierarchical conduct: An applied point of view. Elsevier.

Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Genetic

Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Genetic OCD Causes Print Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Genetic? By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 30, 2019 Hero Images/Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions With the human genome having finally been mapped out, the search is on for those genes that cause us to develop illnesses, including obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD). Although it is clear that OCD has a genetic basis, it is not yet clear which genes may be important and under what circumstances. Genes and Illness Before discussing whether there is a genetic basis for OCD, let’s review some basic genetic concepts and how they relate to illness. Genes act as the body’s blueprint for making different proteins. These proteins are used to manufacture an enormous number of tissues and biochemicals. Interestingly, different people can have different versions of a given gene. These different versions are sometimes called alleles. While some diseases like cystic fibrosis are thought to be caused by one specific gene, most diseases, including mental illnesses like OCD, are thought to be caused by a combination of many different genes. In these cases, your vulnerability to a given disease depends on the different versions or alleles of the genes you inherited from your parents and in what combination. Environment Plays a Large Role in Illnesses Developing However, it is important to realize that the environment has a very strong influence on whether a particular genetic vulnerability is able to express itself in the form of an illness. For example, a person who is genetically vulnerable to lung cancer may only develop the disease if he smokes cigarettes or is exposed to heavy environmental pollution. In another instance, a person who is vulnerable to depression may never become depressed if she doesn’t ever encounter a severe enough stressor. Although we often hear about the “nature versus nurture” debate, most experts now recognize that it is the interaction between our genes and the environment that determines whether we develop an illness. Indeed, it is often said that while our genes load the gun, it is the environment that pulls the trigger. The Genetics of OCD Research using identical twins and the relatives of people with OCD suggests that the greatest factor in a person’s risk for developing OCD is genetic, with the remaining risk being determined by the environment. Given this, researchers have been searching for the specific genes that create a risk for developing OCD. While there does not appear to be a specific “OCD gene,” there is evidence that particular versions or alleles of certain genes may signal greater vulnerability. For example, there is some preliminary evidence that having particular versions or alleles of genes controlling the manufacture of serotonin (a neurochemical that may be important for OCD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (a chemical that plays a large role in controlling development of the brain) and glutamate (another neurochemical in the brain that could be important for OCD) may reflect some sort of vulnerability to developing OCD. That said, it is far from clear how these genes influence the development of OCD, and there is plenty of research that still needs to be done. Genetic Vulnerability Means Little Without Environment In addition, it is important to keep in mind that these (and other, as of yet undiscovered) genetic vulnerabilities may only be relevant under the right environmental conditions. For example, OCD is associated with prenatal risk factors, such as gaining too much weight while pregnant and difficult labor, as well as life stressors, such as significant emotional or physical abuse. As such, someone may not develop OCD unless they possess the right genetic vulnerability under the right (or wrong, perhaps) circumstances. OCD is a very complex illness. It is very unlikely that a single gene out of the roughly 30,000 we possess could ever be responsible for generating the complex obsessions and compulsions that are characteristic of OCD. It is much more likely that OCD is the result of many different genes interacting to create an increased vulnerability. Studies of the genetics of OCD are currently focusing on genetic differences that might explain the different OCD symptom subtypes that exist. Such research could be helpful in developing treatments that are able to target specific symptoms with greater effectiveness than is currently possible.

A Lesson And Meaning Of A Toy - 1558 Words

As an individual growing up does one remember that round â€Å"toy† almost resembling a ball, half of it was blue and the other half red and all around it were various shapes cut out of the hard plastic with pieces inside? One could pull apart this â€Å"toy† and dump out all of the solid pieces that matched the shapes of the cut outs, and one by one put them back in by matching the shape of the cut out and the solids together. It is possible that as a child one is learning about shapes and the differences between squares, circles, triangles, stars, etc., but is it also possible that this â€Å"toy† could have a deeper lesson and meaning as one grows older? Thinking about this â€Å"toy† it could be suggested that it could also be teaching the lesson that one size doesn’t fit all. Although all of parts had essentially a similarity in that they were all shapes and all had to fit somewhere, each one was still different. Just like this â€Å"toy† has similarities and differences, so do individuals. Individuals are different in â€Å"shape† by various characteristics specifically culturally. Sometimes individuals embrace those similarities and differences and create intercultural relationships, there are also times that individuals might be potentially apprehensive to them however, there are things that can be done that will lead to a positive relationships. For starters, it should be known that culture is essentially made up of learned or passed down values, beliefs, standards, religions, rituals, ethics,Show MoreRelatedSelf-discovery in Toni Bambora ´s The Lesson and Liliana Heker ´s The Stolen Party679 Words   |  3 Pagescharacters and the overall theme of a story. Two literary stories in particular, â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Bambara and â€Å"The Stolen Party† by Liliana Heker, have used socioeconomic status to create a second theme of self-discovery. The main characters in each of these two stories are young girls who discover their adult selves by the end. A low socioeconomic status was a part of each character’s character development in â€Å"The Lesson† and â€Å"The Stolen Party†, which ultimately forced them down a path of self-discoveryRead MoreTheme Of The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara827 Words   |  4 PagesSettings in Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"The Lesson† â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara is a short story set in the part of New York City. In this story, the plot takes a journey from the place like a ghetto to F.A.O. Schwartz, an expensive upscale toy store. The children live in an African-American neighborhood, in Harlem, NY. They travel to upscale stores, on Fifth Avenue in midtown, which is a much more expensive part of New York City. The story is narrated by a young girl named Sylvia, as she explainsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1284 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to write about the Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara. This short story caught my attention because Bambara focuses on the economic injustices of African Americans. The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara should have been included in ENC 1102 because her work was influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and Black Nationalist movements in the 1960s. It detailed the struggles and injustices African Americans had to endure during that time. Toni Cade Bambara was a writer and social activist most renownedRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara850 Words   |  4 Pagesreaders’ minds. Readers often begin reading a work with a biased opinion of the contents of the story. The superficial theme of a story is obvious, but the less obvious theme can have the most powerful message. In Toni Cade Bambara’s short story, â€Å"The Lesson,† the apparent theme is poverty and wealth, but the true theme is the misapprehension of everything not being as it seems. The first physical description of Miss Moore gives the reader the impression that she is a woman of little wealth, but itRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1011 Words   |  5 Pages Has there been a time where you pick up a book and read the little description on the back of the book, then start implying what are the possible themes of the story. Which in this case, â€Å"The Lesson†, written by Toni Cade Bambara an African American writer exposes many types of themes in her article. Not only she is a writer, Bambara’s inspiration to write this story is due to her being a Black Nationalist who fought for racial rights. Possible themes include such as materialism, poverty versusRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1429 Words   |  6 Pagesreading The Lesson, by Toni Cade Bambara, the reader cannot help but feel empathy towards the narrator Sylvia and her friends, as they are introduced to the realization of unfairness distribution of wealth in so ciety, the diverse democracy. The lesson is taught by a lady named, Miss Moore, who moves into Sylvia’s neighborhood block. Miss Moore is a college educated women who shows the reality of the economic inequality to Sylvia and her friends by taking them on a field trip to a fancy toy store calledRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1552 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years knowledge and culture has been passed down within generations. Elders within the community often teach life lessons to the young adults growing up in the neighborhood. This idea still holds true today, especially in low-income communities. People from different socioeconomic backgrounds live different lifestyles they also have different opportunities made available to them. Because of this idea, people with a higher social standing have an advantage over those in lower classRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of Beauty and the Beast with Toy Story1236 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Beauty and the Beast with Toy Story INTRODUCTION Disney is an excellent example of a Media corporation as it is known worldwide, go any where in the world and ask someone about Mickey Mouse or Daffy Duck and they will know that you are talking about Disney. They have a huge range of advertising and merchandise ranging from childrens books and films to holiday resorts and theme parks. The Disney brand appeals to all, children and adults alike. Read MoreThe Creation Of Teddy Bears Built A Sense Of Self1728 Words   |  7 Pagescreated between toys and children helps them obtain power to transition from one frightful life situation to another. Likewise, Elena O. Smirnova, the writer of Character toys as psychological tools, explains that a child s self-reflects on their persona by communicating with a toy; thus, these toys are called character toys. Both writers agreed that toys play a major role in the construction of children’s sense of self. Additionally, these authors also implied that there are special toys that childrenRead More`` Araby `` And Bambara s `` Lesson ``1541 Words   |  7 PagesJoyce’s â€Å"Araby† and Bambara’s â€Å"Lesson† pose surprising similarities to each other. Despite the narrators’ strikingly clear differences, such as time period, ethnicity, social class, and gender the characters have important similarities. Both narrators are at crucial developmenta l stages in their lives, are faced with severe adversities, and have a point of clarity that affects their future. The narrators of â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Lesson† live in a cloud of youthful naivety. Despite being faced with very

3 Tricks to Figure out the Authors Tone

Authors tone is simply an authors expressed attitude toward a particular written subject. It may not be his or her actual attitude as authors can certainly express an attitude other than their own. Its very different from the  authors purpose! The tone of the article, essay, story, poem, novel, screenplay, or any other written work can be described in many ways. The authors tone can be witty, dreary, warm, playful, outraged, neutral, polished, wistful, reserved, and on and on. Basically, if theres an attitude out there, an author can write with it. To better understand tone, you should practice. So, now that you know what it is, how can you determine the authors tone when you get to a reading comprehension test? Here are a few tricks to help you nail it every time. Read the Introductory Info On most major reading comprehension tests, the test makers will give you a little snippet of information along with the authors name prior to the text itself. Take these two examples from the ACT Reading test: Passage 1: This passage is adapted from the chapter â€Å"Personality Disorders† in  Introduction to Psychology, edited by Rita L. Atkinson and Richard C. Atkinson ( ©1981 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.). Passage 2: This passage is adapted from the novel The Men of Brewster Place  by Gloria Naylor ( ©1998 by Gloria Naylor). Without reading any portion of the text itself, you can already determine that the first text will have a more serious tone. The author writes in a scientific journal, so the tone will have to be more reserved. The second text could be anything at all, so when youre reading, youll need to use another trick to determine the authors tone. Watch Word Choice Word choice plays a major part in the tone of a piece. If you look at the examples given in the What is Authors Tone article, youll see how very different an identical situation can be by just the words an author chooses to use. Look at the following words and see how they reflect a different feeling, even though the words are similar in meaning. Sit in the sunshine and smile. Bask in the brilliant rays. Discover your giggle.Sit in the hot sun and smirk. Recline in the glaring rays. Hunt for that snicker.  Sit in the warm sun and grin. Relax in the warm rays. Look for a chuckle. Even though all three sentences are written almost identically, the tones are very different. One is more relaxing—you can picture a lazy afternoon by the pool. The other is more joyful—maybe playing in the park on a sunny day. The other is definitely more sarcastic and negative, even though its written about sitting in the sun. Go With Your Gut Often, a tone is tough to describe, but you know what it is. You get a particular feeling from the text—an urgency or a certain amount of sadness. You feel angry after reading it and can sense the author is angry, too. Or you find yourself chuckling throughout the text even though nothing comes right out and screams funny! So, on these kinds of texts, and the corresponding authors tone questions, trust your gut. And on the authors tone questions, hide the answers and make yourself come up with a guess before looking. Take this question for example: The author of the article would most likely describe ballet as... Before you get to the answer choices, try to finish the sentence. Put an adjective in there based on what youve read. Amusing? Essential? Cut-throat? Joyous? Then, when youve answered the question with a gut reaction, read the answer choices to see if your choice, or something similar, is there. More often than not, your brain knows the answer even if you doubt it!

Drug Education and Public Awareness Free Essays

Throughout history, America has been fighting against drug and alcohol abuse in teens and adults. Many ways companies and anti-drug groups try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through education in school systems and out of school systems. They teach young students about drugs and alcohol before they risk being around them, and they teach older students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Education and Public Awareness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Are these education programs really necessary? That†s the question many people ask, and also the question I†m going to attempt to answer. The government is usually the group that attempts to educate people about the causes and effects of drugs and alcohol through programs such as D.A.R.E (drug abuse resistance education) or S.M.A.R.T. (Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-Specified objectives). D.A.R.E. tries to educate kids about drugs and alcohol while S.M.A.R.T. conducts studies to see how effective these programs really are. There have been several studies done that failed to find any value in the DARE program. About 26 million American school children are taught to resist the lure of drugs and alcohol by the DARE program, a studied showed that most of the students who took the 17 week DARE program ended up using drugs and alcohol at the same rate as children who learned about them in a normal health class. Many people think that DARE is the magic bullet to solve the drug and alcohol problems in the nation. Another study conducted in Illinois on about 1800 students, showed that DARE students used th! e same amount of drugs who did not take the program, and another study concluded that DARE students were more likely to use drugs than students without the education. Many tax payers demand to see what impact their money is having on substance abuse. The SMART program conducts many tests to show how effective or ineffective the use of drug and alcohol prevention or education programs really are. SMART has come to a conclusion that there is a â€Å"Null Hypothesis†, which means that X education programs has no significant effect in bringing substance abusers into long term abstinence. In 1995 SMART studied nearly 1000 people, from these they were able to find 99 who were discharged with the notation of â€Å"treatment complete.† Of these 99 they selected 50 people at random and were able to find only 18 of those 50 people, and of those 18 people, only 11 people said they had remained clean and sober since leaving the treatment and being educated about drugs. These studies are proof that the null hypothesis is true and most education programs do not have any effect on the people who are being educated about drugs and alcohol. Although the government is trying to help with the problem, they aren†t doing a very good job. It is a common observation that there is a hug lag time in the government†s response to a social problem such as drugs and alcohol. A problem will affect a society for quite some time and cause damage before the government will support any funds or a means to stop the problem. After they fund education programs to teach children about drugs and alcohol, they keep funding unnecessarily increasing taxes, which send money nowhere. The government needs to spend more money on realizing what they are doing wrong in educating students who only go off to use drugs anyway.There is a general theme of a Cultural Revolution of Drug Treatment programs seen in America. The revolution beings with the heroic phase where the problem begins and spreads rapidly and the use of drugs and alcohol increases. Next is the classical phase where the social problem reaches its peak and the use of drugs is the highest. During the Classical phase, education programs are being used to try to stop and prevent drug and alcohol use. Then there is an Imperial stage where the problem begins to decline and comes to an end after people have learned about drugs and alcohol. The final stage is the Decadent phase when the previous users who quit, being to use drugs and alcohol again the process continues. This shows that drug and alcohol education programs don†t really do much in the way of preventing drugs, except a short term of no drug use. There are also many education programs in older groups of people such as college students. Alcohol abuse prevention programming on college campuses presents special challenges. Although many people think of college students as young, they legally are adults. Since 1972, when the legal age of majority was lowered to 18, college students have all of the same rights and privileges as older adults, except they cannot drink legally until they reach the age of 21. Despite all the education that occurred when they were younger, they are now drinking under-age and buying alcohol underage. Many college students are killed due to alcohol poisoning. What did all that education about alcohol do? Absolutely nothing if they ended up drinking themselves to death. College administrators can no longer treat college undergraduates as children and have no authority to act the place of parents, since the parents of an 18 year old themselves have no legal authority over the student. The extent of a college’s control over its students is a matter of contract. Colleges can enforce conduct codes only through contract rights. At Indiana University-Bloomington, alcohol is prohibited in all on-campus undergraduate residences supervised by the University, and in all other areas open to the public. While that is the rule, enforcement is difficult. Using a strong enforcement hand is very difficult, and not well accepted by students and many parents. These students were educated about the rules of alcohol at their college and also about the causes and effects of alcohol to the body and brain, but they still do not listen and studies show that they still drink regardless of what prevention program they underwent when they were teens. As you can see, and as the results from all the studies done show drug and alcohol education programs have little and sometimes absolutely no effect on the use of drugs and alcohol among students any age. Teens in high school, or adults in college, they all abuse drugs and alcohol no matter what drug education program they went through. Many people are even killed through the use of drugs and alcohol. The government needs to realize that educating people about drugs only makes them aware that the drugs are out there and available to them. How to cite Drug Education and Public Awareness, Papers

Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Essay Example

Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Paper It is evident that modern cities are featured by environmental degradation, worsening of water quality and shortages of sousing. This essay will focus on the air pollution and water pollution caused by arbitration. These harmful pollutants have serious negative effects on peoples health such as damage to peoples respiratory system. Following this, it will put forward some feasible solutions to deal with these problems. The air quality in cities has become worse and worse along with the process of arbitration and people have been suffering from serious respiratory problems. A typical example of this is the smoking phenomenon in Beijing where people need to wear a gauze mask to go outside. It is true that the irking offices or central business districts are located in the downtown area of the city and a large number of people crowded into the center of the city for work or for entertainment. As a result, there is a huge population who take public transportation to travel to workplace and some wealthier five-to- nine workers choose to go for work by private cars. Therefore, the exhausted gas produced by these transportation tools is immeasurable, especially on the workdays. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This also causes a huge pollution difference between workday and weekend and this effect that less pollution is caused in the holiday period s called Holiday Effect. Tan et al (2013) argues that pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds or non- methane hydrocarbon, sulfur dioxide, and PM 10 are measured to be higher on weekdays than on weekends. According to PhD Bert B and MD Stephen HTH (2002), the effect on shortening life expectancy has been evaluated at 1?2 years for realistic exposure contrasts. In addition, there are an increase number of factories which have found their footprints in the rural areas because the air situation in cities has exceeded its bearing capacities. This is also due to the rapid pace of arbitration as factories in cities can no longer meet people?s needs. Consequently, the natural environment in rural areas is damaged and people can no longer enjoy the fresh air as they breathed two decades ago. Those pollutants made during arbitration has damaged peoples health and resulted in serious diseases (Forerunner ; Halted, 2002). There are 32 more case-control studies that have shown an obvious relationship between air pollution, especially from traffic, and lung cancer. Another serious consequence caused by arbitration is water pollution. Some people who live in cities even have no access to drinkable water. It is calculated that three-fourths of US citizens live in cities. With the population in cities increasing at a faster face, it becomes more and more difficult to deal with the waste generated in cities. Most of the waste is discharged or simply dumped into rives or lakes or even on the streets. The water pollutes has worsened the water quality greatly and made it unfit for people to use as daily water directly. As a result, it becomes much more difficult for city dwellers to obtain clean and drinkable water. It is true that many cities in undeveloped areas, especially in Africa, are unable to provide sufficient water supply for their citizens because most of water is lost in the pipe leakages. It is a fact that most people who live in cities, especially in developing countries are forced to boil their water or buy expensive bottled water to drink simply because of the worsening water quality caused by arbitration. It is believed that people in developing countries suffer from poor water sanitation much more than those in developed countries because the speed of arbitration in developing countries moves faster than that of developed countries. Chicanes (2005) pointed out that about 300 million people in China have no access to drink water, and it is a typical example that some people in villages are suffering from serious diseases due to unsafe drinking water. Moreover, urban areas are generally located in places where water sources are available. It is impossible to move forward the pace of arbitration without adequate access to fresh and dependable water; otherwise it cannot meet domestic and industrial needs. The arbitration development in early periods relied on coastal waters to get food and foster transportation. This arbitration development patterns continue as more and more people who prefer to live in places adjacent to freshwater streams. As a consequence, it has negative impacts on local lakes, groundwater and coaster waters as well. The air pollution and water degradation caused by arbitration have posed severe threats to humans health, so it is necessary to carry out some feasible measures to deal with these problems. It is the governments top priority to deal with these serious pollution problems. The government should take the responsibility to introduce some advanced technologies to address the increasingly worsening situation. As for the air pollution, some government- funded projects, such as the electric-transportation scheme, can be implemented to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. The government can also impose taxes on private car using because cars can produce more pollutes than public transportation, such as bus or subway. In this sense, the government can also invest more capital to improve the subway system and carry out some campaigns to encourage citizens to take public transportation rather than private cars or taxies- The government can also devote more funds to the factories in rural areas to improve the Infrastructure and acclivities so as to reduce emission of waste. J. M. Barraging Memorials et al (2005) argue that urban air pollution is indeed stratified, and that an appropriate way to study this stratification is by means of a categorization method. This method aims to classify the street of the town based on their use as transportation routes. Their study utilized an easy and low-cost way to classify the street functions. For example, trucks that produce pollution can incredibly only be allowed to use on the streets outside of the central area. This way could reduce the pollution in the main area of cities immediately and effectively. On addressing the problems of water deteriorating, the government can invest more money to explore the renewable natural resources, such as solar energy and wind, to take place of the electricity to produce drinkable water. More government-funded scientific researches should be reinforced to develop state-of-the-art technology to process exhausted water and underground water (Booth, 1991). Sewage water needs to be treated in a proper way and it should not be allowed to enter into water system. It is true that storm water, sewage and drinking water are mixed up, o it is significant to divert the used water apart from the clean drinking water or reuse them after properly processing. The local communities should also spare no efforts to deal with air pollution and water pollution because of arbitration. These efforts might include clean-up or recycling campaigns to promote the citizens awareness to save water and take action to protect the air. Farmers need to be encouraged to build small farm ponds in the field as a way to store rainwater which can be used efficiently for agriculture. Knowledge on biodiversity and water-saving know-how should be spread to very citizen. There should be effective system when people report smoking vehicles to the local authority. As a result, citizens can take practical measures to relieve the serious situation of water and air contamination. As the United Nations Environment Program states that one person alone cannot make any big change to the planets damaging biodiversity, each individuals effort to promote the natures wealth and build a livable environment. For every individuals part, they can organize the car-pooling or van-pooling projects to get to work instead of taking taxi to the workplace alone. They can choose owe-polluting models of vehicles to go for work. Each citizen can also strive to change their eating and consumption habits.

How to become a special education teacher

How to become a special education teacher Anyone who takes on the role of teacher is already pretty special- educating students of all ages is not for everyone, and it can be one of the most challenging and rewarding careers out there. And if you’re thinking of becoming a special education teacher, working with students with an even greater range of learning styles, academic needs, and levels of ability, the ups and downs of teaching can be even more intense. If you think this might be the teaching career for you, we have the info you need to get started on that path. What do special education teachers do?Special education teachers are educators who work specifically with students who have physical, academic, or emotional differences. Many special ed teachers focus on a particular age group (like elementary school or high school), but the range of student ages can vary, depending on how the school’s special education programs are set up. Special education teachers may work with students who have a variety of sp ecial needs conditions, including:Learning disabilitiesBehavior disordersAutism spectrum disordersPhysical disabilities (blindness, deafness, etc.)Students may range from having mild learning disabilities to severe mental and physical challenges. Special education teachers may choose to specialize in one of these areas and focus their master’s degree studies accordingly. As school employees, special education teachers typically have the same full-time work day and school year as other kinds of teachers, with summers off (unless a particular school or district offers summer courses as part of its special education curriculum). Although the school week typically involves a standard number of working hours, there may be additional time spent in the mornings, evenings, and off-hours to prepare for school and help students in extracurricular programs or other activities.These teachers have many of the same job responsibilities as other types of teachers, including:Lesson and curri culum planningManaging classroom lessons and activitiesTracking student progressMeeting with parentsAssisting students with everyday living tasksTeaching a variety of subjects (like reading, math, or science)Teaching communication skillsSpecial education teachers can be found in most types of schools: public, private, elementary, secondary, or magnet.What skills do special education teachers have?Special education teachers often need to have an extra dose of people skills, given that they’re dealing with students who may have a variety of physical, emotional, and educational needs.Teaching Skills:  This is the most important skill for any teacher, really, but special education teachers have to be especially good at teaching basic concepts to students who have different abilities to learn and understand the material.Flexibility:  Classrooms are unpredictable, and this can be even more true when a class has students with a variety of needs and abilities. The teacher should bring a certain amount of flexibility to lessons and classroom activities to help account for different students who learn in different ways. The special education classroom is rarely a one-size-fits-all educational experience, so a little flexibility in teaching can be very helpful.Patience:  This is a very important skill for a special education teacher to have. Many special needs students may require extra time or resources to learn the skills and concepts that other students may â€Å"get† faster. For the teacher, it’s crucial to understand that extra help or patience may be the best way to reach those students and help them learn.Creativity:  Again, because of the learning differences that special education students may have, standard lessons may not be the way to go. Finding ways to teach material in ways that students can relate to and understand, even if it’s a little unorthodox, can really help special education teachers in their day-to-day classroo ms.Organizational Skills:  Like in any classroom, organization can mean all the difference between chaos and success. Organization is extra important for a special needs classroom, where students have additional challenges and may need even more structure throughout the school day. There may be students with wildly different needs as well, so keeping the classroom and the students organized is essential to making sure everyone’s staying on track.What do you need to become a special education teacher?Becoming a special education teacher requires a four-year degree in education, ideally with a focus on special education. Many teachers also go on to complete a master’s degree in special education as well. Certification is typically required for special education teachers, particularly ones in public schools. Each state has its own certification requirements, so be sure to check with your state to see what’s expected.How much do special education teachers get paid ?According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for kindergarten teachers is $57,910. This can vary depending on the teacher’s experience and the type of school, as well as the types of students the teacher is working with.  What is the outlook for special education teachers?The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow about 8% by 2026, which is about as fast as average for all careers. Education is a rather perennial field (especially as the population continues to grow), and the demand for teachers who have the skills to work with special needs students will likely be one of the education specialties that sees the most growth within the industry.If you have the patience and skills to work with special students who have needs that go beyond many other students’, this can be an incredibly rewarding and satisfying career path. You’ll be helping students overcome their issues and learn and grow their potential . Good luck!

Theater and Improv Games for the Classroom and Beyond

Theater and Improv Games for the Classroom and Beyond Improv games are a great way to loosen up during drama practice or to break the ice at a party. Improvisational acting teaches you to think quickly and to read other people as you perform. Youll also sharpen your wit as you learn how to react to your audience. Best of all, you dont need any special props or equipment, just your imagination and the courage to step outside yourself.   Captains Coming Improv games like this one are terrific warmups that promote  teamwork and good humor. In this game, which is similar to Simon Says, one person plays the role of a ships captain. The rest of the group are sailors who must quickly follow the captains orders or be dismissed from the game. Orders can be simple or elaborate: Captains coming: Sailors line up in a row and salute the captain.Starboard: Everyone runs to the right side of the stage or room.Port:  Everyone runs to the left side of the stage or room.Man overboard: Sailors team up and pose as though theyre searching for the lost man.Mermaid: Stand on one foot, wave one hand, and say, Hi, sailor!Seasick: Run to port or starboard and pretend to be ill.  Swab the deck: Sailors pretend to mop and clean the floor.Walk the plank: Sailors stand single-file, their right arms extended and hands resting on the shoulder of the person in front. The great thing about Captains Coming is that theres no limit to the orders a captain can give. For added challenges, think of poses that require two or more people or divide the sailors into two groups and have them compete against one another. Yoo-hoo! Yoo-hoo! is another effective game for learning how to take cues and focus movement. It works best with groups that have room to move around. As with Captains Coming, this game requires a leader to call the cues and a group to follow whatever command the leader dreams up. As an added challenge, the group must repeat the action word six times in a whisper as they perform. After the sixth time, everyone calls out freeze! and holds still. Leader:  Yoo-hoo!  Group:  Yoo-hoo who?Leader:  You who  jump with ropes.Group:  Ropes, ropes, ropes, ropes, ropes, ropes, freeze! The leader then cues the next movement and the process repeats itself. If a person loses composure or breaks the freeze before the leader calls Yoo-Hoo again, that person is out. The last person remaining is the winner. Location, Location, Location The Location game can be done with as few or as many people as you like. Use it as a way to exercise your imagination as a solo performer and for learning how to act with others. Begin by having one or more actors develop a scene in a place that anyone can relate to, such as a bus stop, the mall, or Disneyland- without mentioning the name of the location. Have other players try to guess the place. Then move on to less familiar situations. Here are some to get you started: An atticA Ferris wheelA karaoke barAn orchestra pitUndergroundA high school yearbook clubA zeppelin The true challenge of this game is to think past clichà ©s and to avoid using language that gives away the action being performed. This improv exercise can also be played like charades, where teams must guess the activity. More Improv Games Once youve tried simple theater games, your troupe will be ready for more challenges. Here are a few more improv exercises: Tongue twisters:  It doesnt do students any good to be creatively warmed up if the audience has no idea what they are saying. Enunciation exercises  like tongue twisters provide a fun way to alleviate the dreaded mumbling, mush-mouth syndrome.Guess whos coming to dinner: This team exercise gives everyone a role to play. One person plays host, and the others are dinner guests. The only catch? The host doesnt know he or she is having company!The Harold: Developed  by theater director/teacher Del Close, this long-form improvisational activity allows more time to develop believable characters and organic storylines. Students riff off a suggested word, phrase, or idea through a mix of exercises. One improv piece can last from 10 to 45 minutes or more.Be an animal:  One of the best ways to develop out-of-the-box thinking is to have actors imagine themselves not just as other people but as an animal or even as an inanimate object. These drama activities offer proven ways to help participants get to know one another in a friendly, low-key fashion. They can also be used regularly as warm-ups  for your actors before you have them delve into more difficult improvisation exercises. Break a leg!

Blue Back Square Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blue Back Square - Essay Example Therefore, in defining a myth, three aspects have to be considered: the signifier, the signified, and the sign (Barthes, 114). The significant according to Barthes has to be the original crisis within a subject about which people have to try and create meaning. The literature about the item may be termed as the signifier, while the relationship between the crisis and the language used may be termed as the signification. All above aspects have to be reduced to mere language, whether in form of symbolism, or the language used to describe such an object. In this article, the architectural work in Blue Back Square, the significance of the square and the myths that may be used to describe and construct meaning regarding the city will be illustrated in explaining the meaning of myth. Lynch (6) explains that the environmental or observable images in a particular place are as a result of the observer and the environment. In this case as Lynch elaborates, the environment offers distinctions a nd inherent relations, with the observer using their adaptations and reasoning to construct, organize and give meaning to what they see. The image observed in this case, limits and gives more emphasis on what is perceived, while the image is then tested with multiple inputs of perception, making the reality observed from such a building to have multiple realities between different observers; this makes any phenomena to qualify in being a myth. For example, in Blue Back Square, in West Hartford town, the community stands out in its peculiar and unique characteristics that make people to try in constructing meanings regarding the symbolism, or what is being communicated by such a culture, in what amounts to be a myth. The locality takes pride in many architectural works, which are perceived to communicate certain aspects in history or cultural orientation. For example, in Blue Back Square, though the square is in the middle of another city, the place looks like a city in its own, comp lete with a unique identity described by a rich heritage of buildings, some of which are a few hundred years old, and a rich mixture of different cultures from Europe, blacks, Moroccans, and others. The rich cultural heritage provides a rich mixture of cultures represented by buildings, people, and other styles that make people to construct the meaning regarding signification communicated by such different stylistic works, which gives the inner city a unique and beautiful image from the rest. The attempt to construct such signification constitutes to a myth in this case, as more and more explanations have to be made on the same. In other words, a myth needs the signified, which is the heritage and cultural context communicated by such architectural work, the signifier which is the language used to construct such meaning, and the signification, which is the relationship between the signifier and signification, or work that has to be done (Berthes, 114). Moreover, speech or message in this case is not constructed only through written language, but also through the photography, and the perceived images of such buildings. The purpose of a myth is to cause an impression which is treasured among the people with whom such impression is credited to, despite the reality of truth. For example,

Crafting a Safety Program for an Organization Assignment

Crafting a Safety Program for an Organization - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that keeping with the growing phenomenon of employee safety management, the primary aim of the report is to formulate a competent safety program that can successfully enable the organizations in the modern construction industry to avert various workplace hazards. The discussion of the study includes a clear assessment of the problem statements that have developed in line with the case example of safety measures observed in the operational processes of Millers Park projects and Paul Brown stadium construction activities. The problem statement of this report seeks for identifying the health hazards such as injuries and illness of the employees while functioning in workstations. The problem statement of the study substantially provides a clear understanding of the hurdles faced by the employees due to a different workstation related injury-causing illness. The identifying potential workplace hazards are of significance for employees’ well-being as well as t o avoid costs that might be resulted in the absenteeism of the employee with illness. Moreover, the problem statement also reveals about the challenges that might face the organization to undergo the major rise in its costs associated with hiring new employees along with their required training and developmental needs into the processes. In this regard, the key aim of the report is to develop and implement an effective safety program, which can cut down costs of the organization by providing different healthcare benefits. With reference to the problems observed in the report, the case of Millers Park project and the Paul Brown stadium include similar issues associated with the significance of effective safety management programs in the construction-related activities.

Main objectives and policy instruments of poverty reduction

Main objectives and policy instruments of poverty reduction While much of the western world benefits from decades of economic growth, it is hard to conceive that a large proportion of the population still struggles for survival as a result of extreme poverty and deprivation. To date, approximately 1 billion people still have an income of less than $1 per day (OECD, 2007). The question of what policies and strategies are most effective in achieving sustained poverty reduction is among one the most important and complex challenges that face policy makers involved in economic development. In light of this question, this paper will review the objectives and policy instruments associated with poverty reduction. Firstly, the paper will very briefly give an outline of the objectives of poverty reduction through considering the Millennium Development Goals. Secondly and of greater focus, the paper will consider the importance of economic growth as a policy instrument associated with poverty reduction. Policy Objectives Before it is possible to implement strategies and policy focussed at reducing poverty, it is firstly essential to set specific and measureable objectives targeting the areas in which poverty exists. Poverty by definition is complicated and must give consideration to a number of dimensions. The OECD (2001) defines poverty as the inability of people to meet economic, social, and other standards of well being. Poverty, therefore, can encapsulate deprivation in areas such as health, income, gender, education and politics. Objectives of poverty reduction must extend to include all dimensions in which individuals are deprived or debilitated. The most widely recognised objectives regarding poverty reduction are provided through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). On September 2000 the MDGs were adopted by 189 countries as a guideline for the objectives of poverty reduction to be achieved by 2015 (DFID, 2001). The MDGs outline 8 objectives central to the eradication of poverty (UNDP, 2010). These objectives are broken down into 21 different targets that are measured by 60 indicators (A full outline of the criteria to meet these objectives can be seen in Table 1): Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty Achieve Universal Primary Education Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Reduce Child Mortality Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Ensure Environmental Sustainability Develop a Global Partnership for Development The MDGs highlight that objectives of poverty reduction are not solely confined to improvements in income but also incorporate objectives of human development, sustainability, and equality. Broadly speaking, these objectives help to provide a global criterion for measuring progress in poverty reduction and provide a scale of measurement adaptable in all countries. It is important to note, however, that although the MDGs provide a framework for developing countries to use, poverty reduction strategies must be country specific taking into consideration the causes of poverty as well as the precedence of what objectives need be tackled (OECD, 2001). With these objectives of poverty reduction in mind, this raises the question of what instruments are best suited in achieving these objectives. As a comprehensive overview of all the main policy instruments associated with poverty reduction is well beyond the scope of this paper, the following section will concentrate on the importance of economic growth as a policy instrument associated with poverty reduction. Policy Instruments Economic Growth Historically, the main instrument associated with poverty reduction has been economic growth. Economic growth is associated with poverty reduction on a number of levels. Firstly, increases in GDP per capita are associated with improvements in human development. For example, increases in the average income of a country are associated with improvements in life expectancy, infant mortality, and primary school enrolment all key elements of the MDGs (Moser and Ichida, 2001). Secondly, economic growth helps to creates jobs which are essential to improving employment opportunities and raising incomes in the long-term (DFID, 2001). However, although economic growth is associated with improvements in income and human development, there still remains debate over the extent to which growth benefits the poorest individuals in society. In an attempt to understand the effect of economic growth on poverty, Dollar and Kraay (2002) examined the relationship between changes in the average GDP per capita income against the income of the lowest quintile of the population in 80 countries. Dollar and Kraay found than on average the income of the poorest quintile increased proportionately with increases in average GDP per capita. Dollar and Kraay concluded that the effects of economic growth benefit the poor as much as others in society. They suggested therefore that standard growth enhancing policies should be at the heart of poverty reduction strategies. The results from Dollar and Kraay emphasise the importance for countries to adopt frameworks that are conducive to growth as a means of poverty reduction. This is a view shared by Kruegar (2004) who highlights that economic growth is the principal route to lasting poverty reduction. Indeed, economic policies such as openness to trade, liberalisation and sound fiscal policy which are seen as conducive to economic growth are also associated with favourable poverty reduction (World Bank, 2000). Moreover, generally poverty reduction has been most substantial in those countries which have benefited from the most impressive rates of growth (AusAid, 2007). However, the results produced by Dollar and Kraay (2002) do not come without scrutiny. The findings illustrate that economic growth benefited the lowest quintile proportionately on average yet there are cases where economic growth does not always benefit the poorest individuals in society Botswana is perhaps an extreme example and likew ise at the other end of the scale, some countries have demonstrated that the poor have benefited substantially more than other groups during times of economic growth (World Bank, 1993). This raises a further question of why growth influences poverty reduction in some countries more than others. Pro-Poor Growth More recently, a greater focus is being placed on levels of inequality within a country as a determinant on the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction. The OECD (2001) suggests that only half the increases of those in poverty are a result of GDP growth whereas the other half comes from strategies that target the composition, distribution and sustainability of growth. Ravallion (1997) measured the effect of growth on poverty elasticity in countries with initial levels of low and high-income inequality. Ravallion found that economic growth reduced poverty in low income inequality countries almost twice as much as those in high income inequality countries. In other words, countries with high levels of inequality would need growth rates twice that of low inequality countries to match similar levels of poverty reduction. The findings by Ravallion highlight that policies targeting poverty reduction therefore must also consider the distributional aspect of growth. This places a grea ter emphasis on pro-poor growth. That is, growth that is combined with objectives of rapid and sustained poverty reduction (OECD, 2007). Pro-poor growth strategies must attempt to target the areas in which poverty and inequalities exist, and as mentioned this can occur in a number of dimensions. Typically, those in poverty have a lack of access to basic provisions and services, such as education and healthcare, and therefore inequalities are perpetuated due to a lack of opportunity. Pro-poor Policies must attempt to maximise the opportunities of the poor through utilising their skills and capabilities (DFID, 2003). This can be done through a number of channels, and the role of both the private and public sector are important. For example, in the private sector providing the poor with access to markets and credit is seen as essential for involving the poor in the economy and creating jobs (ODI, 2008). Recently microfinance schemes have been extremely beneficial in providing access to credit and vocational training for the poor. However, participation in markets is only conducive to pro-poor growth if there is appropria te regulation and policies which can protect the poor in the event of market failures (OECD, 2007). Pro-poor policies must attempt to promote macroeconomic stability within a country to ensure that the poor are not affected by market-shocks and rising inflation (DFID, 2003). Additionally, the distribution of government spending is seen as a key instrument in the promotion of pro-poor growth. In developing countries, government spending has been found to be largely inefficient in that it tends to be focussed disproportionately towards higher income groups at the expense of the poor (Wilhelm and Fiestas, 2005). Pro-poor government spending can increase the participation of the poorest individuals through efficient and fair fiscal policy increasing access to these basic services which in turn can reduce inequalities and promote economic growth. Indeed, countries which have a fairer distribution of government spending are more likely to have lower levels of inequality (Lopez, Thomas, and Wang, 2008). It is important to note that finding the appropriate balance between both policies that are good for poverty reduction and policies that are good for growth is extremely complicated and may required trade-offs. Pro-poor strategies such as redistribution through increased taxes may act to finance increased government expenditure in poor areas, however this may damage growth through reduced savings and investment which could consequently reduce the impact of poverty reduction in the long run (DFID, 2001). For instance, in the mid-part of Malaysias industrialisation, policies focussed on equity were seen as excessive and blamed for constricting economic growth (Hassan, 2004). Broad-Based Growth An essential factor of pro-poor growth is that it should be broad-based and target the areas where poverty is widespread. Three quarters of poverty exists in rural areas, yet policies targeting growth are predominantly focussed on the urban sector (Anriquez and Stamoulis, 2007). Indeed, widespread inequality is most substantial between rural and urban areas (Lopez, Thomas, and Wang, 2008). Recently, in the 2008 World Development Report titled Agriculture for Development, the World Bank (2008) highlighted that investment in agriculture is increasingly becoming an important engine for poverty reduction. Investment in rural infrastructure and small-scale enterprises and services has been found to be highly effective in increasing productivity and creating employment. For example, reductions in poverty have been most substantial in countries which experienced the most significant improvements in rural productivity. From 1971 to 1999 agricultural productivity per capita in East Asia, wher e poverty reduction was most rapid, increased by 45% compared to sub-Saharan Africa with an increase in productivity of only 4% (DFID, 2003). Moreover, growth in agriculture is more conducive to poverty reduction than any other sector (DFID, 2003). Indeed, the World Bank (2008) highlights the improvements in the MDGs of raising the income of all individuals above $1 has been primarily due to falling rural sector poverty whereas urban poverty has remained constant and had little effect. However, again, increases in agricultural productivity and growth are strongly influenced by levels of inequalities within the rural sector in particular levels of land inequality. Pro-poor policies which target poverty reduction through agricultural growth must also give consideration to the potential impact of redistribution strategies. Land reform policies have been cited as a particular strategy as a means of facilitating growth, reducing inequalities and ultimately poverty reduction (Hanmer, Healey and Naschold, 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, this paper has highlighted the importance of growth, and in particular pro-poor growth as an instrument associated with poverty reduction. Growth is inevitably a necessary condition of alleviating poverty through raising the incomes of individuals and through wider associations with improvements in human development. However, growth by itself is not always sufficient in achieving sustained poverty reduction and the effects of economic growth on the poor are inhibited by the level of inequality within a country. Of equal importance, therefore, is the structure of pro-poor growth. Governments must take an active role in poverty reduction strategies and reduce inequalities through increasing the opportunities of the poor to access basic provisions and services, and this in turn can facilitate both poverty reduction and economic growth. Moreover, it is important that pro-poor growth targets where poverty is abundant. An increasing emphasis is being placed on growth and dev elopment in the agricultural sector as a key driver of poverty reduction. Finally, it is important to mention that although this essay has emphasised the importance of growth, it has barely scratched the surface of the complexity of poverty reduction. Poverty is multidimensional and there are areas of poverty and human development which are barely affected by improvements in growth and therefore require policy instruments and strategies to target them directly e.g. gender inequality (Thomas, 2000). Furthermore, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to poverty reduction and each country must identify the causes of poverty and the independent strategies required to achieve sustained poverty reduction. Only then can the diverse objectives of the Millennium Development Goals be realistically achieved.

Relationship Conflict Resolution Model

About a month ago, my girlfriend (whom I will refer to as â€Å"Kelly†) and I were not getting along very well, and I attributed our difficulties to a mounting mess of unresolved disputes from our past. So I invited Kelly to sit down and talk about our problems. Kelly happily accepted. We agreed to take one resentment at a time, and talk each one through before moving the next. We ate dinner together, sat down on her couch and faced each other. I encouraged Kelly to have this talk between us, so I respectfully let her pick an issue hat is bothering her to talk about.It was difficult to hear about a problem that she has used against me many times already and I had hoped that she Just forgot about it†¦ But I sucked it up and listened anyway. The festering resentment that Kelly had been lugging around every day for over 3 years started when she had discovered explicit text messages on my phone between me and another woman. I tried to Justify my â€Å"dirty-talk† with this woman by blaming Kelly for rejecting me in the worst way imaginable. I had witnessed Kelly having sex tit another man Just after we had started dating.Kelly knew I was there, but she was so caught up in her own pleasure and enjoyment that my existence was no more significant than a fly on the wall. Kelly ignored everything I did and said as I attempted to get her stop what she was doing, and continued having sex with him until she became satisfied. I was completely devastated and overwhelmed with rejection. I could have left Kelly after what she had done. But I felt that if I can forgive her for this then I will hold all of controlling cards in our relationship.So I chose to stay with her, and see how things go†¦ I expected Kelly to suck up to me, kiss my ass, and make up for her actions in every way she possibly could†¦ But that never happened. Kelly ignored it and never even gave me the chance to express my feelings of betrayal and devastation to her about it. Conse quently, I let the resentment build up in me over time, mainly because I lacked assertiveness, so I buried my feelings to avoid conflict and reliving that dreadful event. So when Kelly initially confronted me about my text messages with this other woman,I responded to it by becoming defensive, trying to Justify my actions by blaming her for betraying me with another man. I tried to make her believe that my behavior was the result of her actions. I tried to make her believe that my interest in another woman was all her fault and that my dirty little secret was only talk and not sex, and against me. Ultimately, I felt entitled to do whatever I wanted because she had cheated with another man and she did it right in front of me. Since then, I have tried to figure out what it is that I had done prior to Kelly's actions hat may have influenced her choice to reject me that way.I started to realize allot of things about myself while progressing through psychological treatment, and through t his process I have practiced expressing empathy, sharpening my listening skills and I have been doing much better with each new skill that I have learned. But as I continued to use each new skill in my daily life, I could not avoid feeling somewhat coercive when I used empathy and assertiveness at times with Kelly. I had been purposely thinking out how to use the right tone if voice, overlapping ententes and using memorized feeling words Just to show empathy†¦ Inconsequently, my new communication style started to feel somewhat rehearsed, fake and coercive to me†¦ I knew I was saying the right things, but I started to feel that sometimes my words were liking real meaning and sincerity†¦ Speaking to people as if I were following directions from a book about how to communicate. But this particular sit-down talk with Kelly turned out to be more positively significant than any other talk that we have ever had. Everything that I have learned in therapy has been a benefit to my relationship with Kelly , and everyone else in my life for that matter..But reflecting back a few months, before having this conversation with her, I realized that I still hadn't been able to sort of tie it all together and use everything that I have learned so far without thinking too much about communication styles and details. I have been using listening skills, expressing empathy, taking accountability, and modifying my behavior more and more each week, and I have taken every opportunity to use each new skill as much as possible. But I have recently realized hat I was only getting better at using each skill independent from the others.Toward the end of our â€Å"conflict resolution talk†, I felt the greatest sense of relief in our relationship to see how happy Kelly was becoming as our conversation progressed. I had not realized how powerful of an impact that genuine empathy and listening to her every word would have on both of us. I believe that I actually felt the s ame pain that she had felt when she read those words on my phone. It was overwhelming!.. I felt a brick in my stomach made of betrayal and devastation s Kelly expressed the embarrassing details of my dirty text messages.She had said these same words to me before, describing her heartache over it, but I must have Just blocked her words out or I interrupted her in selfness and denial each time . The feelings inside of me made the event seem much more significant than I had realized. I could see it the way that she had experienced it but this time, the event upon me was very profound and I was taken over by guilt and shame. Truly understanding and experiencing Kelly's feelings caused emotions inside of me that kook control of my body language.I forgotten about my own resentments. I tried to hide my emotions, because I felt that have no right to cry over the pain that I had inflicted on her, but I couldn't stop the tears.. Kelly, moved to my side, laid her head on my shoulder and wrappe d her arms me. This was the first time that I had ever been successful in expressing pure empathy. This one particular dispute was resolved, but the scar will last forever. But Kelly and I now share this scar and we view our remaining unresolved disputes as teammates from the opposing dugout.

Rumors, Deception and Essay Topics for Catcher in the Rye

Rumors, Deception and Essay Topics for Catcher in the Rye Whether we're supposed to take this action among defiance or acceptance is, like the rest of the novel's ending, unclear. All the shortly mentioned characters are set into Holdens world for a reason, so they have to be portrayed. Inside this essay I will go over these themes and the way in which they have had an effect on the protagonist Holden Caulfield's life. Discuss Holden's loneliness and depression with regard to the way that it permeates the full chapter. The majority of the compact roles are vital however, like the characters mentioned previously. No director could secure the crucial performances from these types of actors. The budget shouldn't be a consideration as it would hinder the grade of the film and therefore not permit it to fulfill the wonderful the novel could have as a film. In reality, movie studios have been attempting to adapt the story of Holden Caulfield to the huge screen for decades. During the practice of growing up, several new emotions and experiences can change somebody's priorities. We can realize that the narrator has left his previous lifestyle of wandering and beer and is presently in a sophisticated and long-term relationship, until a particular point. The 5 principal parts of symbolism indicate the struggles which he faces and his emotional instability. It's debatable whether Holden's attitude has changed by the conclusion of the novel, on the 1 hand, he might have accepted that adolescence is simp ly a phase, but a lot of critiques of the novel imply he has not matured in any manner. How to Get Started with Essay Topics for Catcher in the Rye? This provides you with a clue what you are expected when picking a topic. As a way to do that and to develop a distinctive essay topic, they will need to develop writing skills and creativity. Many students understand how to format the text but have no clue how to find inspiration. Many college students would say that writing is almost never simple, especially when you must develop creative and intriguing topic ideas. It's the conclusion that provides you the opportunity to sum up and present a brief or executive overview of the topic. Go just for a topic you could comfortably analyze. Nevertheless, it is possible to still find a topic that you're passionate about and hence cover easily. Writing an essay on a specific novel can be challenging, especially if you don't understand how to choose a creative topic. New Questions About Essay Topics for Catcher in the Rye There are several different critics that view Holden in many various ways. These people seem to be socially intelligent and are usually accepted into society, unlike Holden. There's certainly much more that you're able to write about Holden. Holden calls Jane again, but there's no answer. The 30-Second Trick for Essay Topics for Catcher in the Rye Don't forget about questions that you want to answer in your paper, the quotes you want to use, and the proof you should provide to support your viewpoint. In the body you'll want t o have three or more primary ideas, so jot down the points which you will expand upon in your outline. Your thesis statement should tell the reader what to anticipate and ought to include your chief points. Before you begin, it's important to make the outline. It's then he wanders through nyc during wintertime. Whether you enjoy Catcher in the Rye isn't important. Holden's whole experience of a day or two in New York is based around the simple fact he thinks that everybody besides him is a phony, but ironically enough, he's a phony. These people all represent different facets of the City, and of urbanization during the start of the Atomic Age. Don't attempt to express tips that you think are expected from you. The bulk of the book occurs in New York, as before mentioned. Imagine that you're studying in Holden's school and you would like to persuade him that people around aren't phony. He admits that sometimes it's required to get involved in these types of actions and ultimately come to be a phony to be able to exist in the adult world, which explains why he is so strongly opposed to it. When there's ever another war, I will sit right the hell in addition to it. By creating a plan, you make certain that you won't be stuck in the center of your creative procedure or forget what you wished to write about. At the conclusion of the novel Holden seems to have more acceptance of the notion of growing up.

Student Loan Program Should Not Be Paid - 781 Words

The release of President Barack Obama s budget last month sparked growing concerns that student loan forgiveness - specifically for graduate school student debt - will cost taxpayers much more than originally estimated. As the Student Loan Ranger discussed previously, the president s budget shows a shortfall of approximately $21 billion for the federal student loan programs, in large part due to a projection of more borrowers taking advantage of loan forgiveness after making 10 to 25 years of income-based payments. According to the New America Foundation, as much as 40 percent of the nation s recent federal loan disbursements are for graduate student debt. Graduate student borrowers are much more likely to have substantial loan amounts forgiven under the income-based repayment, Pay As You Earn and Public Service Loan Forgiveness programs. That s because dependent undergraduate borrowers cannot borrow more than $31,000 in federal student loans - independent students can borrow up to $57,500 - making it unlikely there would be any remaining balance after 10 or 20 years of payment unless the borrower made an unusually low income for a long time. Graduate borrowers, on the other hand, can borrow up to the cost of attendance through the Grad PLUS program, up to $138,500 for their entire undergraduate and graduate study period. In fact, according to the New America report, the median debt load for a graduate student upon completion of study in 2012 was $57,600. One in 4Show MoreRelatedIs College Education A Tax Policy Program? Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesearly start. THIS should be the reality, the outcome after graduating. Unfortunately, unless people come from a rich family or gained a rare full ride to college, the realities of the aftermath are not that bright. Because almost all students can’t afford to attend college, the consumption of student loans comes back to haunt them in the end. Since the government is not doing anything to fix this problem to help relieve people of student loan debt, every employment companies should establish a taxRead MoreThe Role Of Federal Loans Became Dependent On American Families1455 Words   |  6 Pagesattending a university is very costly. The use of federal loans became dependent on most American families that try to provide such an education to their c hild. Before World War II, academically advanced students from families that were unable to finance college could apply for competitive scholarships; Scholarships mutated into â€Å"financial aid† when the GI Bill of Rights financed college for the discharged veterans (Toby, 2010). 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When a person is deep down in debt he does not think anything else unlessRead MoreNational Student Loan Data System1491 Words   |  6 Pagescalled Program Integrity: Gainful Employment (GE) was established when concerns were raised about the amount owed on student loan debt. This single ruling will permanently close several hundred programs and lower the options of educational choices for non-traditional students. The American taxpayer dollar is funding the education of low income students in the form of Federal Pell Grants and Federal Direct Student Loans. The federal government has the responsibility of funding those student loans. TheRead MoreEssay about Information about Financial Aid1063 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial aid is money in the form of loans, grants and employment that is available to a student to help pay the cost of attending. Financial aid comes from the federal government, which is the largest provider of aid, as well as state government, the school and a variety of other public and private sources. If you think your educational expenses are more than you and your family can afford, you should apply for financial aid using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You will need toRead MoreDebt Is A Duty Or Obligation Pay Money Or Render Service Under An Express Or Implied Agreement?1248 Words   |  5 Pages2013 had a student loan debt with an average of $28,400 per borrower† (________________________). Debt is a duty or obligation to pay money or render service under an express or implied agreement. So when one takes out a student loan one has made an agreement with the lender to borrow money for a certain amount of time. Every semester the cost continues to rise for college students across the country. Instead of considering only tuition when applying for school, prospective students should research